Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by Occupation: 1997
COC	Occupation	Obs	Employment (in 1000s)	Members (in 1000s)	Covered (in 1000s)	% Mem	% Cov
	EXECUTIVE, ADMINISTRATIVE, AND MANAGERIAL OCCUPATIONS	20,399	14,908	763	959	5.1%	6.4%
4	Chief executives and general administrators, public administration	22	16	1	2	5.1%	10.8%
5	Administrators and officials, public administration	942	613	111	137	18.1%	22.3%
6	Administrators, protective services	88	56	11	13	20.0%	22.3%
7	Financial managers	923	669	8	10	1.2%	1.6%
8	Personnel and labor relations managers	145	106	2	2	1.5%	2.2%
9	Purchasing managers	152	110	2	5	2.0%	4.9%
13	Managers, marketing, advertising, and public relations	914	713	11	14	1.5%	2.0%
14	Administrators, education and related fields	980	685	107	136	15.6%	19.8%
15	Managers, medicine and health	962	672	13	20	1.9%	2.9%
17	Managers, food serving and lodging establishments	1,344	981	21	29	2.1%	3.0%
18	Managers, properties and real estate	498	372	15	17	4.0%	4.4%
19	Funeral directors	43	29	1	1	2.0%	2.0%
21	Managers, service organizations, n.e.c.	837	578	42	46	7.2%	8.0%
22	Managers and administrators, n.e.c.	6,969	5,223	176	214	3.4%	4.1%
23	Accountants and auditors	1,968	1,460	74	93	5.0%	6.4%
24	Underwriters	117	97	1	2	1.1%	1.8%
25	Other financial officers	912	647	17	27	2.6%	4.2%
26	Management analysts	249	186	8	13	4.5%	6.9%
27	Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists	626	449	36	44	7.9%	9.8%
28	Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products	12	10	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
29	Buyers, wholesale and retail trade except farm products	276	201	5	6	2.5%	2.8%
33	Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c.	354	270	10	18	3.8%	6.6%
34	Business and promotion agents	27	22	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
35	Construction inspectors	68	52	15	16	29.6%	30.9%
36	Inspectors and compliance officers, except construction	305	211	52	60	24.5%	28.6%
37	Management related occupations, n.e.c.	666	480	27	35	5.5%	7.2%
	PROFESSIONAL SPECIALTY OCCUPATIONS, EXC. TEACHERS	15,766	11,553	1,179	1,407	10.2%	12.2%
43	Architects	179	127	9	10	6.9%	8.2%
44	Aerospace engineers	96	81	8	15	10.1%	18.7%
45	Metallurgical and materials engineers	34	28	4	6	13.9%	19.9%
46	Mining engineers	16	7	0	2	1.7%	23.5%
47	Petroleum engineers	33	21	0	0	0.4%	0.4%
48	Chemical engineers	120	91	3	4	3.1%	4.2%
49	Nuclear engineers	16	11	0	3	0.0%	26.1%
53	Civil engineers	311	224	31	32	13.8%	14.5%
54	Agricultural engineers	3	2	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
55	Electrical and electronic engineers	777	615	32	43	5.1%	6.9%
56	Industrial engineers	333	251	9	12	3.5%	4.9%
57	Mechanical engineers	451	347	23	27	6.6%	7.7%
58	Marine and naval architects	17	13	2	3	17.7%	20.3%
59	Engineers, n.e.c.	302	231	18	21	7.9%	9.3%
63	Surveyors and mapping scientists	21	10	0	1	1.6%	9.0%
64	Computer systems analysts and scientists	1,419	1,127	41	57	3.7%	5.1%
65	Operations and systems researchers and analysts	270	210	11	15	5.4%	7.2%
66	Actuaries	24	18	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
67	Statisticians	37	27	1	4	2.7%	15.7%
68	Mathematical scientists, n.e.c.	9	8	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
69	Physicists and astronomers	36	26	0	0	0.7%	0.7%
73	Chemists, except biochemists	197	147	8	10	5.6%	6.7%
74	Atmospheric and space scientists	16	12	1	3	9.6%	22.5%
75	Geologists and geodesists	75	49	4	4	7.4%	7.4%
76	Physical scientists, n.e.c.	56	36	6	7	15.3%	19.4%
77	Agricultural and food scientists	47	31	2	4	5.0%	11.6%
78	Biological and life scientists	156	107	12	15	11.4%	14.4%
79	Forestry and conservation scientists	49	24	3	3	11.9%	13.2%
83	Medical scientists	97	83	5	7	6.2%	8.5%
84	Physicians	650	473	27	39	5.8%	8.3%
85	Dentists	33	21	1	2	6.4%	10.2%
86	Veterinarians	31	23	0	0	2.1%	2.1%
87	Optometrists	26	15	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
88	Podiatrists	1	1	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
89	Health diagnosing practitioners, n.e.c.	12	7	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
95	Registered nurses	2,882	2,034	321	364	15.8%	17.9%
96	Pharmacists	247	184	10	11	5.3%	5.7%
97	Dietitians	121	91	10	13	10.5%	14.0%
98	Respiratory therapists	113	82	7	8	8.6%	10.0%
99	Occupational therapists	79	57	4	9	7.3%	15.5%
103	Physical therapists	141	94	3	6	3.4%	6.7%
104	Speech therapists	138	93	33	38	35.7%	40.3%
105	Therapists, n.e.c.	128	85	14	15	16.3%	17.2%
106	Physicians' assistants	88	62	4	5	5.8%	7.4%
	TEACHERS, POSTSECONDARY	1,290	878	142	173	16.1%	19.7%
113	Earth, environmental, and marine science teachers	13	9	0	1	0.0%	12.5%
114	Biological science teachers	38	27	6	7	22.9%	26.3%
115	Chemistry teachers	22	14	3	4	24.1%	27.9%
116	Physics teachers	20	13	1	1	5.3%	5.3%
117	Natural science teachers, n.e.c.	5	4	0	1	7.7%	20.7%
118	Psychology teachers	34	23	3	3	11.6%	14.0%
119	Economics teachers	28	20	1	3	5.4%	13.6%
123	History teachers	28	19	5	7	28.0%	35.3%
124	Political science teachers	17	11	2	2	18.9%	18.9%
125	Sociology teachers	9	6	1	4	14.4%	65.8%
126	Social science teachers, n.e.c.	12	8	2	3	28.7%	43.3%
127	Engineering teachers	48	34	2	4	7.0%	10.6%
128	Mathematical science teachers	65	46	11	12	24.7%	25.3%
129	Computer science teachers	30	21	4	6	21.2%	26.6%
133	Medical science teachers	28	19	3	4	13.7%	19.3%
134	Health specialties teachers	65	46	6	6	12.8%	12.8%
135	Business, commerce, and marketing teachers	40	22	5	5	20.7%	21.8%
136	Agriculture and forestry teachers	10	6	3	3	44.5%	57.5%
137	Art, drama, and music teachers	59	35	8	9	21.9%	24.1%
138	Physical education teachers	15	7	1	1	11.3%	13.7%
139	Education teachers	17	13	2	2	12.3%	12.3%
143	English teachers	89	66	14	16	21.7%	24.0%
144	Foreign language teachers	36	23	2	3	9.2%	11.4%
145	Law teachers	9	7	2	2	31.4%	31.4%
146	Social work teachers	2	1	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
147	Theology teachers	14	9	1	1	11.2%	11.2%
148	Trade and industrial teachers	5	3	2	2	64.8%	64.8%
149	Home economics teachers	1	0	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
153	Teachers, postsecondary, n.e.c.	9	4	0	0	7.4%	7.4%
154	Postsecondary teachers, subject not specified	522	362	51	64	14.1%	17.6%
	TEACHERS, EXCEPT POSTSECONDARY	6,543	4,606	2,124	2,412	46.1%	52.4%
155	Teachers, prekindergarten and kindergarten	718	553	103	120	18.7%	21.7%
156	Teachers, elementary school	2,659	1,880	1,072	1,213	57.0%	64.5%
157	Teachers, secondary school	1,732	1,174	659	745	56.1%	63.4%
158	Teachers, special education	557	386	235	267	60.7%	69.1%
159	Teachers, n.e.c.	877	613	56	67	9.1%	11.0%
163	Counselors, Educational and Vocational	355	252	84	99	33.3%	39.3%
164	Librarians	276	190	60	66	31.6%	34.7%
165	Archivists and curators	40	24	3	3	11.2%	11.9%
166	Economists	165	120	2	4	1.3%	3.5%
167	Psychologists	239	168	30	38	18.1%	22.5%
168	Sociologists	6	2	0	0	11.4%	11.4%
169	Social scientists, n.e.c.	40	25	0	0	0.6%	0.6%
173	Urban planners	26	20	5	5	27.4%	27.4%
174	Social workers	1,079	794	191	206	24.1%	25.9%
175	Recreation workers	168	123	4	6	3.6%	4.8%
176	Clergy	481	340	2	9	0.5%	2.5%
177	Religious workers, n.e.c.	121	92	0	1	0.0%	1.0%
178	Lawyers	790	578	26	33	4.6%	5.7%
183	Authors	69	51	2	3	3.0%	6.0%
184	Technical writers	77	61	2	2	2.6%	3.8%
185	Designers	640	474	21	23	4.5%	4.8%
186	Musicians and composers	100	84	13	13	15.2%	15.2%
187	Actors and directors	134	101	12	13	11.6%	12.4%
188	Painters, sculptors, craft-artists, and artist printmakers	140	110	3	5	3.1%	4.8%
189	Photographers	88	65	2	2	3.8%	3.8%
193	Dancers	26	17	4	4	23.0%	23.0%
194	Artists, performers, and related workers, n.e.c.	88	66	6	8	9.2%	11.5%
195	Editors and reporters	361	242	24	26	9.8%	10.6%
197	Public relations specialists	199	137	5	7	4.0%	5.2%
198	Announcers	73	54	2	3	3.6%	5.6%
199	Athletes	98	74	8	11	10.7%	14.5%
	TECHNICIANS AND RELATED SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS	5,550	4,111	427	501	10.4%	12.2%
203	Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians	523	391	30	34	7.7%	8.6%
204	Dental hygienists	160	109	3	3	3.0%	3.0%
205	Health record technologists and technicians	27	17	3	4	17.6%	21.5%
206	Radiologic technicians	208	146	12	15	8.1%	10.3%
207	Licensed practical nurses	555	401	47	54	11.8%	13.6%
208	Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c.	813	615	72	85	11.7%	13.9%
213	Electrical and electronic technicians	508	381	54	64	14.1%	16.9%
214	Industrial engineering technicians	11	7	2	2	35.1%	35.1%
215	Mechanical engineering technicians	24	18	5	6	26.9%	32.9%
216	Engineering technicians, n.e.c.	326	251	30	35	11.9%	13.8%
217	Drafting occupations	287	214	10	11	4.6%	5.2%
218	Surveying and mapping technicians	87	66	6	7	9.5%	10.0%
223	Biological technicians	148	96	9	13	9.9%	13.5%
224	Chemical technicians	111	79	6	6	7.4%	7.4%
225	Science technicians, n.e.c.	125	95	6	7	6.4%	7.6%
226	Airplane pilots and navigators	158	117	67	69	57.5%	59.1%
227	Air traffic controllers	61	37	19	21	49.8%	55.7%
228	Broadcast equipment operators	42	34	8	8	22.7%	22.7%
229	Computer programmers	785	607	20	31	3.3%	5.1%
233	Tool programmers, numerical control	5	5	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
234	Legal assistants	455	331	9	18	2.8%	5.4%
235	Technicians, n.e.c.	131	93	8	9	8.9%	9.3%
	SALES OCCUPATIONS	17,588	13,055	559	659	4.3%	5.0%
243	Supervisors and Proprietors, Sales Occupations	4,398	3,235	120	140	3.7%	4.3%
253	Insurance sales occupations	567	436	7	13	1.6%	2.9%
254	Real estate sales occupations	562	417	22	25	5.2%	6.1%
255	Securities and financial services sales occupations	467	343	1	6	0.4%	1.7%
256	Advertising and related sales occupations	224	164	3	5	2.1%	3.2%
257	Sales occupations, other business services	745	579	19	23	3.2%	4.0%
258	Sales engineers	39	30	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
259	Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale	1,780	1,335	25	35	1.9%	2.6%
263	Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats	394	281	1	3	0.3%	1.1%
264	Sales workers, apparel	539	405	7	9	1.7%	2.1%
265	Sales workers, shoes	137	104	0	1	0.0%	0.9%
266	Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings	204	151	1	3	0.8%	1.7%
267	Sales workers, radio, TV, hi-fi, and appliances	290	226	2	2	0.8%	0.8%
268	Sales workers, hardware and building supplies	340	240	2	4	0.7%	1.5%
269	Sales workers, parts	221	159	5	6	3.2%	4.0%
274	Sales workers, other commodities	1,908	1,371	44	52	3.2%	3.8%
275	Sales counter clerks	295	228	10	11	4.3%	4.7%
276	Cashiers	3,976	2,981	285	315	9.6%	10.6%
277	Street and door-to-door sales workers	271	194	3	3	1.3%	1.5%
278	News vendors	129	101	2	3	2.1%	2.8%
283	Demonstrators, promoters and models, sales	79	58	0	0	0.3%	0.3%
284	Auctioneers	1	1	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
285	Sales support occupations, n.e.c.	22	14	1	2	6.6%	11.7%
	ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS, INCLUDING CLERICAL	24,230	17,631	2,172	2,488	12.3%	14.1%
303	Supervisors, general office	563	403	48	59	11.8%	14.8%
304	Supervisors, computer equipment operators	24	17	2	2	12.3%	12.3%
305	Supervisors, financial records processing	118	91	3	3	2.8%	2.8%
306	Chief communications operators	6	5	1	1	27.5%	27.5%
307	Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and adjusting clerks	241	175	23	29	13.2%	16.4%
308	Computer operators	498	371	30	35	8.0%	9.6%
309	Peripheral equipment operators	13	10	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
313	Secretaries	4,126	2,861	226	267	7.9%	9.3%
314	Stenographers	112	77	8	9	10.1%	11.5%
315	Typists	718	523	59	67	11.3%	12.9%
316	Interviewers	231	175	11	13	6.4%	7.6%
317	Hotel clerks	187	123	6	7	5.1%	5.8%
318	Transportation ticket and reservation agents	348	245	37	40	15.0%	16.3%
319	Receptionists	1,376	1,000	33	43	3.3%	4.3%
323	Information clerks, n.e.c.	496	384	26	30	6.8%	7.8%
325	Classified-ad clerks	6	5	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
326	Correspondence clerks	9	5	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
327	Order clerks	300	226	60	64	26.7%	28.3%
328	Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping	101	71	6	7	8.8%	9.3%
329	Library clerks	223	157	23	28	14.9%	18.0%
335	File clerks	373	286	23	29	8.0%	10.0%
336	Records clerks	229	163	20	23	12.3%	14.1%
337	Bookkeepers, accounting, and auditing clerks	2,016	1,415	62	77	4.4%	5.4%
338	Payroll and timekeeping clerks	206	149	18	19	12.2%	12.6%
339	Billing clerks	222	158	11	14	7.2%	8.6%
343	Cost and rate clerks	64	44	3	4	6.0%	8.6%
344	Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators	118	93	3	4	3.3%	4.5%
345	Duplicating machine operators	50	37	2	2	5.6%	5.6%
346	Mail preparing and paper handling machine operators	19	13	3	3	24.3%	24.3%
347	Office machine operators, n.e.c.	32	28	3	4	12.5%	15.5%
348	Telephone operators	243	176	38	40	21.5%	22.6%
353	Communications equipment operators, n.e.c.	11	9	1	1	11.5%	11.5%
354	Postal clerks, except mail carriers	437	322	239	265	74.1%	82.2%
355	Mail carriers, postal service	425	309	249	260	80.5%	83.9%
356	Mail clerks, except postal service	228	170	19	21	10.9%	12.6%
357	Messengers	199	158	5	6	3.1%	3.5%
359	Dispatchers	328	236	46	50	19.4%	21.1%
363	Production coordinators	352	268	24	32	9.0%	12.1%
364	Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks	775	625	89	99	14.2%	15.8%
365	Stock and inventory clerks	602	456	82	88	17.9%	19.2%
366	Meter readers	65	50	15	15	30.2%	30.4%
368	Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers	78	55	13	13	24.5%	24.5%
373	Expediters	326	245	24	28	9.9%	11.4%
374	Material recording, scheduling, and distributing clerks, n.e.c.	19	17	7	7	40.3%	40.3%
375	Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators	574	426	11	13	2.6%	3.2%
376	Investigators and adjusters, except insurance	1,311	975	48	61	4.9%	6.3%
377	Eligibility clerks, social welfare	156	116	27	31	23.4%	26.3%
378	Bill and account collectors	228	167	18	19	10.6%	11.1%
379	General office clerks	1,087	812	86	96	10.6%	11.8%
383	Bank tellers	617	458	7	9	1.5%	2.0%
384	Proofreaders	26	17	1	1	4.8%	4.8%
385	Data-entry keyers	853	652	67	82	10.2%	12.6%
386	Statistical clerks	113	81	11	12	14.1%	15.4%
387	Teachers' aides	888	625	190	226	30.4%	36.1%
389	Administrative support occupations, n.e.c.	1,264	898	107	130	11.9%	14.5%
	PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD OCCUPATIONS	1,049	792	2	3	0.3%	0.4%
403	Launderers and ironers	5	4	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
404	Cooks, private household	10	7	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
405	Housekeepers and butlers	13	10	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
406	Child care workers, private household	347	260	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
407	Private household cleaners and servants	674	511	2	3	0.4%	0.6%
	PROTECTIVE SERVICE OCCUPATIONS	2,976	2,248	897	965	39.9%	42.9%
413	Supervisors, firefighting and fire prevention occupations	46	34	27	27	78.8%	79.1%
414	Supervisors, police and detectives	133	105	53	55	50.7%	52.7%
415	Supervisors, guards	45	36	5	7	14.0%	19.7%
416	Fire inspection and fire prevention occupations	23	16	9	10	56.2%	60.4%
417	Firefighting occupations	292	213	152	154	71.6%	72.3%
418	Police and detectives, public service	738	568	358	388	63.0%	68.2%
423	Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers	197	139	48	56	34.7%	40.1%
424	Correctional institution officers	361	283	149	155	52.7%	54.7%
425	Crossing guards	47	35	5	5	13.3%	13.3%
426	Guards and police, except public service	949	713	80	98	11.3%	13.7%
427	Protective service occupations, n.e.c.	145	105	10	11	9.7%	10.1%
	SERVICE OCCUPATIONS, EXCEPT PROTECTIVE AND HOUSEHOLD	18,133	13,164	1,241	1,388	9.4%	10.5%
433	Supervisors, food preparation and service occupations	529	389	19	21	4.8%	5.5%
434	Bartenders	418	289	11	14	3.7%	4.7%
435	Waiters and waitresses	1,847	1,351	27	33	2.0%	2.5%
436	Cooks	2,789	2,044	85	101	4.2%	4.9%
438	Food counter, fountain and related occupations	449	331	5	6	1.6%	1.9%
439	Kitchen workers, food preparation	385	284	53	55	18.6%	19.5%
443	Waiters'/waitresses' assistants	694	535	33	37	6.1%	6.9%
444	Miscellaneous food preparation occupations	876	654	58	67	8.8%	10.2%
445	Dental assistants	313	226	6	6	2.8%	2.8%
446	Health aides, except nursing	494	352	49	53	14.0%	15.1%
447	Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants	2,475	1,803	234	262	13.0%	14.5%
448	Supervisors, cleaning and building service workers	242	176	15	17	8.6%	9.4%
449	Maids and housemen	878	613	74	81	12.0%	13.2%
453	Janitors and cleaners	2,911	2,116	376	414	17.8%	19.6%
454	Elevator operators	9	5	1	1	31.8%	31.8%
455	Pest control occupations	54	45	3	3	6.3%	6.3%
456	Supervisors, personal service occupations	99	67	4	5	6.7%	7.3%
457	Barbers	43	36	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
458	Hairdressers and cosmetologists	621	455	5	7	1.2%	1.6%
459	Attendants, amusement and recreation facilities	315	211	7	10	3.5%	4.9%
461	Guides	52	37	2	3	4.2%	7.3%
462	Ushers	45	33	0	1	0.0%	2.3%
463	Public transportation attendants	159	116	81	83	69.4%	71.1%
464	Baggage porters and bellhops	72	52	16	18	30.9%	34.8%
465	Welfare service aides	144	92	10	11	10.9%	12.0%
466	Family child care providers	31	22	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
467	Early childhood teacher's assistants	632	444	17	21	3.8%	4.7%
468	Child care workers, n.e.c.	319	216	28	35	13.1%	16.4%
469	Personal service occupations, n.e.c.	238	167	21	22	12.6%	13.1%
	FARMING, FORESTRY, AND FISHING OCCUPATIONS	2,519	1,890	88	97	4.6%	5.1%
473	Farmers, except horticulture	31	18	1	1	4.5%	4.5%
475	Managers, farms, except horticultural	109	76	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
476	Managers, horticultural specialty farms	6	5	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
477	Supervisors, farm workers	42	36	2	2	5.3%	5.3%
479	Farm workers	965	720	5	9	0.7%	1.2%
483	Marine life cultivation workers	2	1	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
484	Nursery workers	38	30	1	1	3.5%	3.5%
485	Supervisors, related agricultural occupations	91	70	4	4	6.3%	6.3%
486	Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm	887	693	57	62	8.3%	8.9%
487	Animal caretakers, except farm	120	87	1	2	1.3%	2.2%
488	Graders and sorters, agricultural products	74	62	6	6	10.0%	10.0%
489	Inspectors, agricultural products	2	2	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
494	Supervisors, forestry and logging workers	15	9	1	2	16.6%	20.2%
495	Forestry workers, except logging	26	10	0	0	4.3%	4.3%
496	Timber cutting and logging occupations	83	55	7	7	13.6%	13.6%
497	Captains and other officers, fishing vessels	8	5	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
498	Fishers	18	10	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
499	Hunters and trappers	2	1	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
	PRECISION PRODUCTION, CRAFT, & REPAIR, EXC. CONSTRUCTION	10,627	7,955	1,671	1,771	21.0%	22.3%
503	Supervisors, mechanics and repairers	323	244	26	30	10.8%	12.1%
505	Automobile mechanics	924	696	59	63	8.5%	9.0%
506	Automobile mechanic apprentices	6	5	0	1	0.0%	18.1%
507	Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics	440	319	85	90	26.6%	28.1%
508	Aircraft engine mechanics	167	132	64	68	48.3%	51.6%
509	Small engine repairers	65	48	1	3	3.0%	6.2%
514	Automobile body and related repairers	221	162	8	9	5.2%	5.8%
515	Aircraft mechanics, except engine	22	22	12	14	54.4%	62.6%
516	Heavy equipment mechanics	252	174	57	58	32.7%	33.5%
517	Farm equipment mechanics	50	33	3	3	8.9%	8.9%
518	Industrial machinery repairers	674	512	154	161	30.1%	31.4%
519	Machinery maintenance occupations	33	21	8	10	40.6%	46.2%
523	Electronic repairers, communications and industrial equipment	227	175	45	47	25.6%	26.7%
525	Data processing equipment repairers	248	190	10	13	5.2%	7.1%
526	Household appliance and power tool repairers	35	27	3	3	10.0%	10.0%
527	Telephone line installers and repairers	67	47	26	28	55.9%	59.4%
529	Telephone installers and repairers	265	193	101	104	52.4%	53.9%
533	Miscellaneous electrical and electronic equipment repairers	82	57	25	28	42.9%	48.2%
534	Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics	348	282	51	54	18.0%	19.2%
535	Camera, watch, and musical instrument repairers	21	17	7	7	39.5%	39.5%
536	Locksmiths and safe repairers	24	16	2	2	10.4%	10.4%
538	Office machine repairers	78	56	7	7	11.7%	13.4%
539	Mechanical controls and valve repairers	28	20	8	8	41.3%	41.3%
543	Elevator installers and repairers	35	24	20	20	84.0%	84.0%
544	Millwrights	120	89	47	49	53.1%	55.0%
547	Specified mechanics and repairers, n.e.c.	479	360	66	71	18.3%	19.8%
549	Not specified mechanics and repairers	346	263	53	56	20.0%	21.4%
	CONSTRUCTION TRADES	5,422	4,113	1,052	1,093	25.6%	26.6%
553	Supervisors, brickmasons, stonemasons, and tile setters	6	6	2	2	33.9%	33.9%
554	Supervisors, carpenters and related workers	28	18	3	3	18.2%	18.2%
555	Supervisors, electricians and power transmission installers	30	24	8	10	31.8%	40.2%
556	Supervisors, painters, paperhangers, and plasterers	5	5	1	1	14.4%	14.4%
557	Supervisors, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters	14	12	7	7	56.3%	56.3%
558	Supervisors, construction, n.e.c.	558	397	72	74	18.0%	18.7%
563	Brickmasons and stonemasons	185	142	42	44	29.7%	31.3%
564	Brickmason and stonemason apprentices	3	2	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
565	Tile setters, hard and soft	51	37	7	9	18.2%	24.1%
566	Carpet installers	86	72	5	5	7.0%	7.4%
567	Carpenters	1,319	973	151	154	15.5%	15.9%
569	Carpenter apprentices	9	5	1	2	27.7%	52.8%
573	Drywall installers	162	130	9	14	7.3%	10.8%
575	Electricians	872	674	298	301	44.2%	44.7%
576	Electrician apprentices	50	37	9	10	25.5%	26.1%
577	Electrical power installers and repairers	167	116	65	66	56.0%	57.2%
579	Painters, construction and maintenance	405	332	39	42	11.7%	12.5%
583	Paperhangers	7	4	2	2	36.4%	36.4%
584	Plasterers	40	33	5	5	15.5%	15.5%
585	Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters	575	435	155	163	35.7%	37.5%
587	Plumber, pipefitter, and steamfitter apprentices	22	13	7	7	55.5%	55.5%
588	Concrete and terrazzo finishers	94	83	17	18	20.5%	21.8%
589	Glaziers	52	37	7	7	19.8%	19.8%
593	Insulation workers	75	54	12	13	21.7%	24.5%
594	Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators	8	6	2	3	32.1%	45.7%
595	Roofers	174	139	14	15	10.0%	10.6%
596	Sheetmetal duct installers	50	40	18	18	44.4%	44.4%
597	Structural metal workers	93	65	38	38	59.0%	59.0%
598	Drillers, earth	19	10	2	2	22.1%	22.1%
599	Construction trades, n.e.c.	263	212	55	56	25.9%	26.2%
613	Supervisors, extractive occupations	69	35	1	1	3.2%	3.2%
614	Drillers, oil well	48	33	2	2	6.9%	6.9%
615	Explosives workers	6	3	0	0	4.8%	4.8%
616	Mining machine operators	81	35	15	16	44.6%	45.4%
617	Mining occupations, n.e.c.	53	32	7	7	20.6%	20.6%
628	Supervisors, production occupations	1,578	1,194	127	136	10.6%	11.3%
634	Tool and die makers	153	120	41	43	34.3%	35.7%
635	Tool and die maker apprentices	6	6	0	1	0.0%	10.6%
636	Precision assemblers, metal	24	20	9	9	42.8%	42.8%
637	Machinists	657	499	117	122	23.4%	24.3%
639	Machinist apprentices	5	4	1	1	16.7%	16.7%
643	Boilermakers	36	23	11	11	48.5%	48.5%
644	Precision grinders, filers, and tool sharpeners	14	10	3	3	32.5%	32.5%
645	Patternmakers and model makers, metal	10	8	5	5	63.0%	63.0%
646	Lay-out workers	14	12	3	3	26.6%	26.6%
647	Precious stones and metals workers	50	32	1	1	4.0%	4.0%
649	Engravers, metal	16	13	0	1	0.0%	6.9%
653	Sheet metal workers	140	109	40	44	36.5%	40.9%
654	Sheet metal worker apprentices	1	1	1	1	100.0%	100.0%
656	Patternmakers and model makers, wood	3	3	1	1	44.5%	44.5%
657	Cabinet makers and bench carpenters	70	55	7	7	12.8%	12.8%
658	Furniture and wood finishers	27	20	2	2	9.1%	9.1%
659	Miscellaneous precision woodworkers	2	2	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
666	Dressmakers	74	56	5	6	9.4%	10.4%
667	Tailors	41	30	2	2	7.1%	7.1%
668	Upholsterers	46	41	1	2	2.1%	3.8%
669	Shoe repairers	15	10	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
674	Miscellaneous precision apparel and fabric workers	10	7	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
675	Hand molders and shapers, except jewelers	16	11	1	1	8.7%	8.7%
676	Patternmakers, lay-out workers, and cutters	14	12	2	2	18.5%	18.5%
677	Optical goods workers	98	66	5	6	7.4%	8.5%
678	Dental laboratory and medical appliance technicians	73	60	3	3	4.2%	5.6%
679	Bookbinders	31	26	3	4	11.6%	14.5%
683	Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers	400	317	53	54	16.7%	17.1%
684	Miscellaneous precision workers, n.e.c.	23	19	2	2	11.1%	11.1%
686	Butchers and meat cutters	312	237	70	75	29.5%	31.8%
687	Bakers	183	129	30	30	23.1%	23.5%
688	Food batchmakers	57	43	7	9	16.4%	21.9%
689	Inspectors, testers, and graders	182	143	36	36	25.2%	25.3%
693	Adjusters and calibrators	15	8	2	2	29.2%	29.2%
694	Water and sewage treatment plant operators	94	70	22	22	31.5%	31.5%
695	Power plant operators	53	37	19	20	52.3%	53.8%
696	Stationary engineers	192	142	54	58	37.9%	41.3%
699	Miscellaneous plant and system operators	55	39	13	13	33.1%	33.1%
	MACHINE OPERATORS, ASSEMBLERS, AND INSPECTORS	9,854	7,717	1,690	1,764	21.9%	22.9%
703	Lathe and turning machine set-up operators	28	25	9	9	36.3%	37.7%
704	Lathe and turning machine operators	47	37	9	9	24.2%	25.8%
705	Milling and planing machine operators	8	7	2	2	24.8%	24.8%
706	Punching and stamping press machine operators	110	91	27	28	29.7%	30.6%
707	Rolling machine operators	17	14	4	4	26.2%	26.2%
708	Drilling and boring machine operators	18	15	6	6	37.8%	37.8%
709	Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine operators	139	112	29	29	26.0%	26.0%
713	Forging machine operators	17	13	4	4	31.2%	31.2%
714	Numerical control machine operators	18	14	2	2	14.1%	14.1%
715	Miscellaneous metal, plastic, stone, and glass working machine operators	38	31	12	12	38.6%	38.6%
717	Fabricating machine operators, n.e.c.	30	20	3	3	13.5%	15.9%
719	Molding and casting machine operators	157	124	22	23	18.0%	18.4%
723	Metal plating machine operators	30	26	8	8	29.3%	29.3%
724	Heat treating equipment operators	20	17	8	8	45.7%	45.7%
725	Miscellaneous metal and plastic processing machine operators	14	10	3	3	32.4%	32.4%
726	Wood lathe, routing, and planing machine operators	14	11	1	1	9.1%	9.1%
727	Sawing machine operators	101	75	5	6	7.2%	7.4%
728	Shaping and joining machine operators	7	4	1	1	24.2%	24.2%
729	Nailing and tacking machine operators	4	3	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
733	Miscellaneous woodworking machine operators	35	21	4	4	19.0%	19.0%
734	Printing press operators	361	283	45	46	16.0%	16.3%
735	Photoengravers and lithographers	40	33	6	6	17.0%	17.0%
736	Typesetters and compositors	42	33	3	3	8.2%	9.1%
737	Miscellaneous printing machine operators	30	24	3	3	11.4%	11.4%
738	Winding and twisting machine operators	60	53	6	6	11.3%	11.3%
739	Knitting, looping, taping, and weaving machine operators	48	38	4	4	10.0%	10.0%
743	Textile cutting machine operators	13	11	1	1	8.7%	8.7%
744	Textile sewing machine operators	734	576	58	63	10.2%	10.9%
745	Shoe machine operators	33	23	7	8	32.2%	37.0%
747	Pressing machine operators	119	105	9	9	8.5%	8.5%
748	Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators	251	170	17	20	9.9%	11.8%
749	Miscellaneous textile machine operators	63	53	6	6	10.7%	10.7%
753	Cementing and gluing machine operators	37	32	9	9	28.2%	28.2%
754	Packaging and filling machine operators	490	379	79	83	20.9%	21.9%
755	Extruding and forming machine operators	49	41	11	11	27.4%	27.4%
756	Mixing and blending machine operators	146	120	29	31	24.3%	26.1%
757	Separating, filtering, and clarifying machine operators	86	62	33	33	53.4%	53.4%
758	Compressing and compacting machine operators	24	18	1	1	8.0%	8.0%
759	Painting and paint spraying machine operators	242	198	39	40	19.9%	20.3%
763	Roasting and baking machine operators, food	13	6	3	3	54.8%	54.8%
764	Washing, cleaning, and pickling machine operators	18	15	0	0	0.0%	1.5%
765	Folding machine operators	36	30	5	6	18.1%	21.2%
766	Furnace, kiln, and oven operators, except food	102	81	45	46	54.8%	56.7%
768	Crushing and grinding machine operators	57	42	3	3	6.3%	6.3%
769	Slicing and cutting machine operators	212	168	39	40	23.2%	23.6%
773	Motion picture projectionists	10	8	1	1	10.1%	10.1%
774	Photographic process machine operators	115	86	4	5	4.4%	5.5%
777	Miscellaneous machine operators, n.e.c.	1,460	1,164	324	337	27.9%	29.0%
779	Machine operators, not specified	530	417	112	117	26.7%	28.1%
783	Welders and cutters	734	546	151	159	27.7%	29.1%
784	Solderers and brazers	38	28	3	3	11.6%	11.6%
785	Assemblers	1,678	1,316	303	315	23.0%	23.9%
786	Hand cutting and trimming occupations	14	9	2	3	21.9%	32.3%
787	Hand molding, casting, and forming occupations	26	22	2	2	10.3%	10.3%
789	Hand painting, coating, and decorating occupations	22	17	7	9	39.7%	50.2%
793	Hand engraving and printing occupations	17	14	1	1	4.2%	4.2%
795	Miscellaneous hand working occupations	59	53	5	7	9.4%	12.6%
796	Production inspectors, checkers, and examiners	681	532	123	129	23.2%	24.3%
797	Production testers	85	67	10	10	15.6%	15.6%
798	Production samplers and weighers	4	3	1	1	48.7%	48.7%
799	Graders and sorters, except agricultural	223	170	21	22	12.5%	12.8%
	TRANSPORTATION AND MATERIAL MOVING OCCUPATIONS	6,592	4,931	1,199	1,279	24.3%	25.9%
803	Supervisors, motor vehicle operators	116	89	7	10	7.5%	11.8%
804	Truck drivers	3,610	2,750	540	579	19.6%	21.0%
806	Driver-sales workers	179	129	36	37	27.8%	28.9%
808	Bus drivers	661	470	151	163	32.1%	34.8%
809	Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs	245	184	18	19	9.8%	10.2%
813	Parking lot attendants	61	49	8	10	16.5%	21.0%
814	Motor transportation occupations, n.e.c.	7	4	2	2	42.9%	42.9%
823	Railroad conductors and yardmasters	75	49	39	39	78.9%	78.9%
824	Locomotive operating occupations	78	50	45	45	89.2%	89.9%
825	Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators	18	14	12	12	82.3%	82.3%
826	Rail vehicle operators, n.e.c.	7	5	4	4	83.8%	83.8%
828	Ship captains and mates, except fishing boats	33	22	3	3	12.2%	12.2%
829	Sailors and deckhands	27	20	9	9	44.4%	47.2%
833	Marine engineers	2	1	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
834	Bridge, lock, and lighthouse tenders	6	5	1	1	16.6%	31.3%
843	Supervisors, material moving equipment operators	13	9	2	2	25.7%	25.7%
844	Operating engineers	341	213	74	76	34.6%	35.4%
845	Longshore equipment operators	6	4	4	4	93.7%	93.7%
848	Hoist and winch operators	34	25	4	4	14.6%	14.6%
849	Crane and tower operators	104	87	49	50	55.7%	57.1%
853	Excavating and loading machine operators	132	89	21	22	24.0%	24.7%
855	Grader, dozer, and scraper operators	90	58	16	17	27.1%	28.6%
856	Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators	646	532	136	149	25.5%	28.0%
859	Miscellaneous material moving equipment operators	101	70	21	22	30.2%	31.6%
	HANDLERS, EQUIPMENT CLEANERS, HELPERS, AND LABORERS	6,417	4,981	901	964	18.1%	19.4%
864	Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and laborers, n.e.c.	16	13	2	2	18.0%	18.0%
865	Helpers, mechanics, and repairers	39	32	6	6	18.2%	18.2%
866	Helpers, construction trades	139	117	7	8	6.2%	6.7%
867	Helpers, surveyor	9	7	1	1	15.3%	15.3%
868	Helpers, extractive occupations	3	1	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
869	Construction laborers	1,029	797	151	162	19.0%	20.3%
874	Production helpers	66	56	7	8	12.9%	14.1%
875	Garbage collectors	52	41	15	15	35.5%	37.1%
876	Stevedores	25	23	23	23	99.4%	99.4%
877	Stock handlers and baggers	1,444	1,110	195	208	17.5%	18.8%
878	Machine feeders and offbearers	98	70	8	8	10.8%	10.8%
883	Freight, stock, and material handlers, n.e.c.	831	659	181	197	27.5%	29.8%
885	Garage and service station related occupations	256	192	6	7	3.2%	3.7%
887	Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners	334	261	21	21	7.9%	8.2%
888	Hand packers and packagers	350	278	49	52	17.7%	18.7%
889	Laborers, except construction	1,726	1,324	230	247	17.4%	18.6%
Copyright 2025 by Barry T. Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, and William E. Even.  The use of this data requires citation.