Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by Occupation: 1998
COC	Occupation	Obs	Employment (in 1000s)	Members (in 1000s)	Covered (in 1000s)	% Mem	% Cov
	EXECUTIVE, ADMINISTRATIVE, AND MANAGERIAL OCCUPATIONS	20,947	15,473	812	1,017	5.2%	6.6%
4	Chief executives and general administrators, public administration	24	16	2	2	10.5%	10.5%
5	Administrators and officials, public administration	931	621	108	136	17.4%	21.9%
6	Administrators, protective services	83	55	14	14	26.1%	26.1%
7	Financial managers	929	678	6	11	0.9%	1.6%
8	Personnel and labor relations managers	201	154	7	9	4.8%	5.9%
9	Purchasing managers	180	138	2	3	1.7%	2.3%
13	Managers, marketing, advertising, and public relations	982	771	3	7	0.3%	1.0%
14	Administrators, education and related fields	1,036	706	111	136	15.7%	19.3%
15	Managers, medicine and health	987	690	27	33	3.9%	4.8%
17	Managers, food serving and lodging establishments	1,434	1,057	23	37	2.2%	3.5%
18	Managers, properties and real estate	473	360	13	14	3.6%	4.0%
19	Funeral directors	38	26	1	1	2.3%	2.3%
21	Managers, service organizations, n.e.c.	815	568	41	47	7.3%	8.2%
22	Managers and administrators, n.e.c.	7,253	5,500	169	220	3.1%	4.0%
23	Accountants and auditors	1,921	1,413	77	95	5.4%	6.7%
24	Underwriters	140	113	0	1	0.3%	1.2%
25	Other financial officers	946	675	19	28	2.8%	4.2%
26	Management analysts	306	241	12	15	4.8%	6.0%
27	Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists	614	460	31	35	6.7%	7.7%
28	Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products	15	13	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
29	Buyers, wholesale and retail trade except farm products	266	201	6	6	2.8%	3.2%
33	Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c.	329	251	15	19	6.1%	7.5%
34	Business and promotion agents	34	29	0	1	0.0%	4.6%
35	Construction inspectors	90	68	22	23	32.4%	34.6%
36	Inspectors and compliance officers, except construction	319	231	74	86	32.3%	37.3%
37	Management related occupations, n.e.c.	601	442	29	36	6.5%	8.2%
	PROFESSIONAL SPECIALTY OCCUPATIONS, EXC. TEACHERS	16,281	11,920	1,164	1,378	9.8%	11.6%
43	Architects	150	106	5	5	4.5%	5.2%
44	Aerospace engineers	97	78	6	8	7.7%	10.0%
45	Metallurgical and materials engineers	44	37	4	4	12.0%	12.0%
46	Mining engineers	10	5	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
47	Petroleum engineers	30	21	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
48	Chemical engineers	96	68	1	1	1.6%	1.6%
49	Nuclear engineers	11	9	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
53	Civil engineers	359	272	28	33	10.4%	12.1%
54	Agricultural engineers	9	6	3	3	44.2%	51.9%
55	Electrical and electronic engineers	770	616	27	36	4.4%	5.8%
56	Industrial engineers	334	254	10	12	3.9%	4.9%
57	Mechanical engineers	427	325	15	17	4.5%	5.1%
58	Marine and naval architects	18	15	1	1	3.7%	3.7%
59	Engineers, n.e.c.	371	276	20	23	7.3%	8.4%
63	Surveyors and mapping scientists	19	12	0	0	3.0%	4.2%
64	Computer systems analysts and scientists	1,667	1,349	42	65	3.1%	4.8%
65	Operations and systems researchers and analysts	273	213	14	17	6.6%	7.8%
66	Actuaries	32	24	0	0	1.1%	1.1%
67	Statisticians	45	33	3	3	9.1%	9.1%
68	Mathematical scientists, n.e.c.	7	6	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
69	Physicists and astronomers	48	35	0	0	0.8%	0.8%
73	Chemists, except biochemists	178	132	6	7	4.6%	5.5%
74	Atmospheric and space scientists	10	7	2	2	24.1%	24.1%
75	Geologists and geodesists	70	51	2	3	3.6%	5.6%
76	Physical scientists, n.e.c.	53	34	4	5	13.0%	15.9%
77	Agricultural and food scientists	53	32	3	3	8.4%	8.4%
78	Biological and life scientists	148	102	6	8	5.5%	7.9%
79	Forestry and conservation scientists	49	24	6	6	26.6%	26.6%
83	Medical scientists	105	88	2	3	1.9%	3.2%
84	Physicians	689	506	31	43	6.1%	8.4%
85	Dentists	46	34	3	3	9.1%	9.1%
86	Veterinarians	38	29	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
87	Optometrists	25	16	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
88	Podiatrists	4	3	1	1	24.5%	45.6%
89	Health diagnosing practitioners, n.e.c.	12	9	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
95	Registered nurses	2,859	1,999	295	336	14.7%	16.8%
96	Pharmacists	224	167	10	12	6.1%	6.9%
97	Dietitians	116	80	7	10	9.1%	11.9%
98	Respiratory therapists	139	104	16	19	15.1%	17.9%
99	Occupational therapists	90	61	6	9	10.5%	14.0%
103	Physical therapists	179	121	6	9	4.6%	7.1%
104	Speech therapists	130	93	41	46	44.1%	49.7%
105	Therapists, n.e.c.	135	101	12	12	12.0%	12.0%
106	Physicians' assistants	93	64	6	8	9.5%	12.3%
	TEACHERS, POSTSECONDARY	1,357	926	151	192	16.3%	20.8%
113	Earth, environmental, and marine science teachers	10	6	2	2	30.1%	30.1%
114	Biological science teachers	56	37	6	11	17.1%	28.7%
115	Chemistry teachers	21	13	1	1	10.3%	10.3%
116	Physics teachers	18	12	1	1	10.9%	10.9%
117	Natural science teachers, n.e.c.	2	2	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
118	Psychology teachers	43	32	6	7	17.8%	20.9%
119	Economics teachers	37	25	3	4	12.4%	17.9%
123	History teachers	32	19	4	5	21.3%	25.8%
124	Political science teachers	19	11	3	3	23.6%	23.6%
125	Sociology teachers	8	7	1	1	16.3%	16.3%
126	Social science teachers, n.e.c.	13	10	0	1	1.1%	9.9%
127	Engineering teachers	66	42	9	9	20.4%	21.8%
128	Mathematical science teachers	68	47	15	17	31.4%	35.0%
129	Computer science teachers	33	23	4	5	17.4%	20.7%
133	Medical science teachers	24	17	1	1	4.3%	4.3%
134	Health specialties teachers	65	39	5	8	11.8%	20.8%
135	Business, commerce, and marketing teachers	30	23	5	6	21.1%	26.4%
136	Agriculture and forestry teachers	6	3	2	2	50.4%	50.4%
137	Art, drama, and music teachers	70	47	6	7	11.6%	14.2%
138	Physical education teachers	13	9	5	5	55.6%	55.6%
139	Education teachers	10	5	2	2	35.1%	35.1%
143	English teachers	98	67	17	21	26.1%	30.7%
144	Foreign language teachers	28	18	2	3	10.4%	16.6%
145	Law teachers	9	6	1	1	11.7%	17.4%
146	Social work teachers	6	5	2	2	52.1%	52.1%
147	Theology teachers	18	13	1	2	6.9%	12.3%
148	Trade and industrial teachers	6	4	1	1	21.1%	21.1%
149	Home economics teachers	2	1	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
153	Teachers, postsecondary, n.e.c.	3	1	1	1	87.2%	87.2%
154	Postsecondary teachers, subject not specified	543	381	46	65	12.1%	17.1%
	TEACHERS, EXCEPT POSTSECONDARY	6,664	4,782	2,126	2,428	44.5%	50.8%
155	Teachers, prekindergarten and kindergarten	740	586	102	129	17.4%	22.1%
156	Teachers, elementary school	2,732	1,949	1,073	1,219	55.1%	62.6%
157	Teachers, secondary school	1,784	1,246	691	779	55.5%	62.5%
158	Teachers, special education	527	367	214	244	58.2%	66.4%
159	Teachers, n.e.c.	881	634	46	56	7.2%	8.9%
163	Counselors, Educational and Vocational	316	223	91	105	40.6%	46.9%
164	Librarians	287	202	56	63	27.4%	31.0%
165	Archivists and curators	40	25	4	4	13.9%	16.9%
166	Economists	150	108	1	4	1.3%	3.8%
167	Psychologists	241	161	37	42	22.7%	26.3%
168	Sociologists	8	5	1	1	25.4%	25.4%
169	Social scientists, n.e.c.	37	29	1	4	4.5%	15.1%
173	Urban planners	20	14	4	5	30.9%	37.1%
174	Social workers	1,024	743	178	195	24.0%	26.3%
175	Recreation workers	202	138	6	7	4.4%	5.4%
176	Clergy	447	312	2	5	0.7%	1.5%
177	Religious workers, n.e.c.	156	114	0	1	0.0%	0.7%
178	Lawyers	870	612	27	33	4.4%	5.3%
183	Authors	64	44	8	8	17.7%	19.3%
184	Technical writers	84	66	2	2	2.8%	3.2%
185	Designers	677	497	25	32	5.1%	6.5%
186	Musicians and composers	127	101	12	14	12.0%	13.9%
187	Actors and directors	127	103	10	10	9.6%	9.6%
188	Painters, sculptors, craft-artists, and artist printmakers	141	109	5	7	5.0%	6.1%
189	Photographers	95	67	4	4	6.3%	6.3%
193	Dancers	31	21	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
194	Artists, performers, and related workers, n.e.c.	105	76	11	13	14.8%	16.9%
195	Editors and reporters	382	249	18	22	7.1%	8.8%
197	Public relations specialists	206	149	7	10	4.6%	6.4%
198	Announcers	72	53	3	3	6.3%	6.3%
199	Athletes	110	83	7	10	8.1%	12.6%
	TECHNICIANS AND RELATED SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS	5,565	4,150	433	498	10.4%	12.0%
203	Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians	482	352	37	43	10.6%	12.1%
204	Dental hygienists	144	103	4	4	3.7%	4.0%
205	Health record technologists and technicians	19	18	4	4	20.6%	20.6%
206	Radiologic technicians	229	173	8	11	4.8%	6.5%
207	Licensed practical nurses	518	377	34	41	9.0%	10.8%
208	Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c.	891	686	79	87	11.6%	12.7%
213	Electrical and electronic technicians	583	449	62	68	13.8%	15.1%
214	Industrial engineering technicians	8	7	1	1	10.8%	10.8%
215	Mechanical engineering technicians	29	23	2	3	8.2%	13.0%
216	Engineering technicians, n.e.c.	267	199	14	21	7.2%	10.5%
217	Drafting occupations	286	211	15	17	7.3%	7.9%
218	Surveying and mapping technicians	98	67	5	6	6.8%	9.6%
223	Biological technicians	147	107	9	12	8.7%	11.6%
224	Chemical technicians	110	79	5	6	6.5%	7.0%
225	Science technicians, n.e.c.	129	93	9	11	9.5%	12.1%
226	Airplane pilots and navigators	149	105	67	68	64.0%	65.0%
227	Air traffic controllers	46	27	16	17	60.2%	63.3%
228	Broadcast equipment operators	42	34	9	9	24.9%	25.4%
229	Computer programmers	762	588	33	41	5.5%	6.9%
233	Tool programmers, numerical control	6	4	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
234	Legal assistants	481	347	12	18	3.5%	5.3%
235	Technicians, n.e.c.	139	104	8	10	7.7%	10.0%
	SALES OCCUPATIONS	17,957	13,378	544	620	4.1%	4.6%
243	Supervisors and Proprietors, Sales Occupations	4,589	3,391	147	156	4.3%	4.6%
253	Insurance sales occupations	573	421	8	12	1.9%	2.9%
254	Real estate sales occupations	586	440	16	22	3.5%	5.0%
255	Securities and financial services sales occupations	509	394	5	9	1.3%	2.2%
256	Advertising and related sales occupations	219	167	5	9	2.8%	5.1%
257	Sales occupations, other business services	785	625	24	28	3.8%	4.5%
258	Sales engineers	48	36	2	2	5.2%	5.2%
259	Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale	1,826	1,363	38	45	2.8%	3.3%
263	Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats	405	301	1	2	0.2%	0.6%
264	Sales workers, apparel	570	434	10	10	2.3%	2.3%
265	Sales workers, shoes	142	107	1	1	0.8%	0.8%
266	Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings	200	145	2	3	1.5%	2.3%
267	Sales workers, radio, TV, hi-fi, and appliances	335	264	2	3	0.8%	1.1%
268	Sales workers, hardware and building supplies	355	265	3	5	1.1%	2.0%
269	Sales workers, parts	235	167	2	4	1.3%	2.1%
274	Sales workers, other commodities	1,831	1,331	29	40	2.2%	3.0%
275	Sales counter clerks	260	190	6	6	3.0%	3.0%
276	Cashiers	4,049	3,042	238	255	7.8%	8.4%
277	Street and door-to-door sales workers	215	151	1	3	0.9%	1.7%
278	News vendors	105	68	1	2	1.1%	3.1%
283	Demonstrators, promoters and models, sales	101	65	4	4	6.1%	6.1%
285	Sales support occupations, n.e.c.	19	12	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
	ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS, INCLUDING CLERICAL	24,340	17,851	2,262	2,558	12.7%	14.3%
303	Supervisors, general office	567	402	52	61	12.9%	15.1%
304	Supervisors, computer equipment operators	26	17	1	2	7.5%	12.8%
305	Supervisors, financial records processing	122	91	2	6	2.7%	6.1%
306	Chief communications operators	6	2	1	1	34.5%	34.5%
307	Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and adjusting clerks	254	202	30	33	15.1%	16.3%
308	Computer operators	503	375	39	45	10.5%	12.1%
309	Peripheral equipment operators	4	3	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
313	Secretaries	3,940	2,798	230	273	8.2%	9.8%
314	Stenographers	122	83	4	5	4.5%	5.9%
315	Typists	767	561	69	83	12.4%	14.7%
316	Interviewers	227	159	9	9	5.9%	5.9%
317	Hotel clerks	186	124	5	5	4.2%	4.2%
318	Transportation ticket and reservation agents	355	257	34	40	13.1%	15.5%
319	Receptionists	1,338	984	30	37	3.0%	3.7%
323	Information clerks, n.e.c.	509	369	26	31	7.0%	8.4%
325	Classified-ad clerks	3	3	1	1	29.3%	29.3%
326	Correspondence clerks	18	12	0	0	2.1%	2.1%
327	Order clerks	317	242	65	68	27.0%	28.2%
328	Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping	94	72	5	7	7.4%	9.6%
329	Library clerks	236	167	25	30	14.9%	17.8%
335	File clerks	438	344	19	23	5.6%	6.7%
336	Records clerks	274	206	28	32	13.7%	15.5%
337	Bookkeepers, accounting, and auditing clerks	2,018	1,428	60	77	4.2%	5.4%
338	Payroll and timekeeping clerks	207	144	22	25	15.4%	17.5%
339	Billing clerks	248	178	9	11	5.0%	5.9%
343	Cost and rate clerks	64	47	4	6	9.1%	12.9%
344	Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators	123	102	2	2	1.5%	2.3%
345	Duplicating machine operators	66	53	6	6	10.7%	11.9%
346	Mail preparing and paper handling machine operators	18	12	1	1	9.0%	9.0%
347	Office machine operators, n.e.c.	24	21	2	2	9.8%	9.8%
348	Telephone operators	212	164	37	41	22.8%	25.2%
353	Communications equipment operators, n.e.c.	25	18	3	4	15.1%	20.6%
354	Postal clerks, except mail carriers	435	323	239	255	73.8%	78.8%
355	Mail carriers, postal service	456	341	274	287	80.5%	84.2%
356	Mail clerks, except postal service	239	176	24	28	13.8%	15.6%
357	Messengers	189	142	7	9	4.8%	6.3%
359	Dispatchers	321	236	48	50	20.3%	21.3%
363	Production coordinators	345	267	26	31	9.9%	11.5%
364	Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks	776	620	114	122	18.4%	19.7%
365	Stock and inventory clerks	575	462	89	95	19.3%	20.5%
366	Meter readers	52	40	13	15	32.9%	36.9%
368	Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers	75	48	10	10	19.9%	21.8%
373	Expediters	356	274	20	23	7.5%	8.3%
374	Material recording, scheduling, and distributing clerks, n.e.c.	20	16	0	3	2.2%	19.7%
375	Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators	608	458	13	14	2.9%	3.1%
376	Investigators and adjusters, except insurance	1,394	1,025	62	70	6.0%	6.8%
377	Eligibility clerks, social welfare	128	95	21	26	22.6%	27.7%
378	Bill and account collectors	273	203	11	12	5.5%	6.1%
379	General office clerks	980	724	82	87	11.3%	12.0%
383	Bank tellers	561	413	5	7	1.3%	1.8%
384	Proofreaders	30	23	1	1	2.7%	6.1%
385	Data-entry keyers	951	710	69	81	9.7%	11.4%
386	Statistical clerks	143	101	11	14	10.6%	14.4%
387	Teachers' aides	901	647	205	242	31.7%	37.4%
389	Administrative support occupations, n.e.c.	1,221	866	93	109	10.7%	12.6%
	PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD OCCUPATIONS	1,126	855	7	7	0.8%	0.8%
403	Launderers and ironers	2	1	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
404	Cooks, private household	7	4	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
405	Housekeepers and butlers	15	13	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
406	Child care workers, private household	348	266	0	0	0.1%	0.1%
407	Private household cleaners and servants	754	572	7	7	1.2%	1.2%
	PROTECTIVE SERVICE OCCUPATIONS	3,068	2,399	991	1,048	41.3%	43.7%
413	Supervisors, firefighting and fire prevention occupations	56	45	35	36	77.9%	79.8%
414	Supervisors, police and detectives	157	119	63	68	53.1%	57.3%
415	Supervisors, guards	72	55	3	3	4.9%	6.2%
416	Fire inspection and fire prevention occupations	26	21	6	7	28.2%	34.5%
417	Firefighting occupations	289	219	164	167	74.6%	76.2%
418	Police and detectives, public service	763	612	391	404	63.9%	66.0%
423	Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers	228	169	73	81	43.3%	47.7%
424	Correctional institution officers	343	289	150	158	51.8%	54.8%
425	Crossing guards	55	41	7	8	16.2%	18.3%
426	Guards and police, except public service	950	739	95	111	12.8%	15.0%
427	Protective service occupations, n.e.c.	129	90	5	5	5.9%	5.9%
	SERVICE OCCUPATIONS, EXCEPT PROTECTIVE AND HOUSEHOLD	18,293	13,340	1,211	1,343	9.1%	10.1%
433	Supervisors, food preparation and service occupations	563	420	17	22	4.0%	5.3%
434	Bartenders	458	318	7	8	2.3%	2.5%
435	Waiters and waitresses	1,854	1,353	31	35	2.3%	2.6%
436	Cooks	2,794	2,053	90	107	4.4%	5.2%
438	Food counter, fountain and related occupations	468	344	2	2	0.6%	0.6%
439	Kitchen workers, food preparation	389	284	54	57	19.2%	20.0%
443	Waiters'/waitresses' assistants	716	560	28	33	5.0%	5.9%
444	Miscellaneous food preparation occupations	901	651	55	66	8.5%	10.2%
445	Dental assistants	320	240	7	7	2.9%	2.9%
446	Health aides, except nursing	474	337	45	50	13.4%	14.9%
447	Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants	2,507	1,839	223	240	12.1%	13.0%
448	Supervisors, cleaning and building service workers	234	166	17	21	10.4%	12.5%
449	Maids and housemen	899	622	76	81	12.2%	13.0%
453	Janitors and cleaners	2,890	2,136	367	398	17.2%	18.6%
454	Elevator operators	4	4	1	1	18.5%	18.5%
455	Pest control occupations	63	57	1	2	2.3%	3.7%
456	Supervisors, personal service occupations	120	81	7	8	8.2%	9.5%
457	Barbers	28	20	2	2	7.5%	7.5%
458	Hairdressers and cosmetologists	606	450	4	7	0.9%	1.6%
459	Attendants, amusement and recreation facilities	322	205	10	11	4.8%	5.2%
461	Guides	62	35	3	4	8.1%	11.5%
462	Ushers	46	36	0	1	0.0%	1.9%
463	Public transportation attendants	164	125	78	84	62.7%	67.0%
464	Baggage porters and bellhops	60	49	17	19	35.5%	39.0%
465	Welfare service aides	128	89	6	8	7.1%	9.5%
466	Family child care providers	27	18	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
467	Early childhood teacher's assistants	636	457	23	26	5.0%	5.7%
468	Child care workers, n.e.c.	341	234	22	27	9.4%	11.6%
469	Personal service occupations, n.e.c.	219	157	17	18	11.0%	11.8%
	FARMING, FORESTRY, AND FISHING OCCUPATIONS	2,590	1,938	90	100	4.6%	5.2%
473	Farmers, except horticulture	16	9	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
475	Managers, farms, except horticultural	97	68	1	1	1.2%	1.2%
476	Managers, horticultural specialty farms	3	3	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
477	Supervisors, farm workers	50	34	1	1	2.9%	2.9%
479	Farm workers	1,044	743	12	13	1.6%	1.7%
483	Marine life cultivation workers	4	3	1	1	44.8%	44.8%
484	Nursery workers	24	19	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
485	Supervisors, related agricultural occupations	91	66	5	7	7.2%	10.2%
486	Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm	933	754	56	62	7.4%	8.2%
487	Animal caretakers, except farm	129	95	3	3	2.7%	2.7%
488	Graders and sorters, agricultural products	78	71	3	3	4.1%	4.1%
489	Inspectors, agricultural products	3	3	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
494	Supervisors, forestry and logging workers	13	7	2	2	33.7%	33.7%
495	Forestry workers, except logging	22	13	3	4	19.2%	30.0%
496	Timber cutting and logging occupations	55	35	4	4	10.1%	10.1%
497	Captains and other officers, fishing vessels	10	7	1	1	12.3%	12.3%
498	Fishers	17	8	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
499	Hunters and trappers	1	0	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
	PRECISION PRODUCTION, CRAFT, & REPAIR, EXC. CONSTRUCTION	10,628	8,000	1,626	1,710	20.3%	21.4%
503	Supervisors, mechanics and repairers	331	251	33	34	13.2%	13.5%
505	Automobile mechanics	878	685	52	58	7.7%	8.5%
506	Automobile mechanic apprentices	2	2	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
507	Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics	429	317	83	90	26.2%	28.3%
508	Aircraft engine mechanics	199	146	67	72	46.2%	49.5%
509	Small engine repairers	64	46	1	2	2.9%	3.6%
514	Automobile body and related repairers	195	139	8	9	5.6%	6.7%
515	Aircraft mechanics, except engine	27	21	13	13	60.5%	61.2%
516	Heavy equipment mechanics	259	164	48	51	29.5%	31.1%
517	Farm equipment mechanics	53	36	1	1	1.5%	1.5%
518	Industrial machinery repairers	705	543	141	147	26.0%	27.1%
519	Machinery maintenance occupations	21	13	4	5	27.8%	35.3%
523	Electronic repairers, communications and industrial equipment	214	166	31	33	18.6%	20.1%
525	Data processing equipment repairers	347	256	14	18	5.5%	6.9%
526	Household appliance and power tool repairers	41	32	2	2	5.9%	5.9%
527	Telephone line installers and repairers	61	43	30	30	70.7%	70.7%
529	Telephone installers and repairers	306	229	119	124	51.9%	54.1%
533	Miscellaneous electrical and electronic equipment repairers	104	84	30	33	35.9%	39.1%
534	Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics	336	261	53	55	20.2%	21.2%
535	Camera, watch, and musical instrument repairers	25	21	3	3	16.2%	16.2%
536	Locksmiths and safe repairers	27	20	2	2	9.5%	10.9%
538	Office machine repairers	77	59	8	9	14.1%	15.2%
539	Mechanical controls and valve repairers	24	18	2	2	11.5%	11.5%
543	Elevator installers and repairers	30	21	15	15	74.6%	74.6%
544	Millwrights	112	85	50	50	58.3%	58.9%
547	Specified mechanics and repairers, n.e.c.	478	360	57	58	16.0%	16.2%
549	Not specified mechanics and repairers	324	252	55	57	22.0%	22.5%
	CONSTRUCTION TRADES	5,559	4,275	1,083	1,124	25.3%	26.3%
553	Supervisors, brickmasons, stonemasons, and tile setters	3	3	1	1	48.5%	48.5%
554	Supervisors, carpenters and related workers	22	15	6	6	42.1%	42.1%
555	Supervisors, electricians and power transmission installers	42	36	12	12	34.2%	34.2%
556	Supervisors, painters, paperhangers, and plasterers	10	8	1	1	14.6%	14.6%
557	Supervisors, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters	14	9	5	5	55.3%	55.3%
558	Supervisors, construction, n.e.c.	570	419	77	84	18.4%	20.0%
563	Brickmasons and stonemasons	170	134	37	37	27.5%	28.0%
564	Brickmason and stonemason apprentices	6	5	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
565	Tile setters, hard and soft	56	46	7	7	16.2%	16.2%
566	Carpet installers	91	76	11	11	14.0%	15.1%
567	Carpenters	1,281	960	177	185	18.4%	19.2%
569	Carpenter apprentices	14	12	5	5	42.2%	42.2%
573	Drywall installers	176	152	15	15	9.9%	9.9%
575	Electricians	899	695	285	295	41.0%	42.5%
576	Electrician apprentices	58	40	17	17	43.6%	43.6%
577	Electrical power installers and repairers	180	136	74	79	54.7%	57.7%
579	Painters, construction and maintenance	455	379	39	42	10.2%	11.0%
583	Paperhangers	13	9	3	3	31.8%	31.8%
584	Plasterers	53	41	7	7	17.3%	17.3%
585	Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters	556	420	145	150	34.6%	35.6%
587	Plumber, pipefitter, and steamfitter apprentices	19	15	7	7	42.8%	42.8%
588	Concrete and terrazzo finishers	99	77	13	13	17.3%	17.3%
589	Glaziers	60	45	7	7	14.5%	14.7%
593	Insulation workers	66	49	17	17	34.6%	34.6%
594	Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators	26	19	8	8	41.8%	41.8%
595	Roofers	244	196	24	24	12.3%	12.3%
596	Sheetmetal duct installers	49	39	16	17	40.2%	44.1%
597	Structural metal workers	79	56	25	25	44.5%	44.5%
598	Drillers, earth	22	11	2	2	18.6%	21.0%
599	Construction trades, n.e.c.	226	171	38	40	22.2%	23.3%
613	Supervisors, extractive occupations	66	36	1	2	2.7%	4.8%
614	Drillers, oil well	45	22	1	1	4.3%	4.3%
615	Explosives workers	12	5	1	2	23.6%	29.2%
616	Mining machine operators	79	33	11	11	32.7%	33.2%
617	Mining occupations, n.e.c.	55	26	3	3	12.5%	13.0%
628	Supervisors, production occupations	1,464	1,159	113	123	9.7%	10.6%
634	Tool and die makers	161	128	46	48	35.6%	37.1%
635	Tool and die maker apprentices	2	2	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
636	Precision assemblers, metal	35	27	10	10	35.8%	35.8%
637	Machinists	646	514	132	139	25.7%	27.0%
639	Machinist apprentices	6	5	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
643	Boilermakers	38	26	14	15	53.1%	59.9%
644	Precision grinders, filers, and tool sharpeners	14	12	3	4	26.0%	31.2%
645	Patternmakers and model makers, metal	8	7	3	3	50.1%	50.1%
646	Lay-out workers	12	10	2	3	18.3%	32.2%
647	Precious stones and metals workers	57	33	3	3	8.4%	8.4%
649	Engravers, metal	17	13	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
653	Sheet metal workers	155	114	40	40	34.7%	35.0%
654	Sheet metal worker apprentices	5	5	3	3	54.8%	54.8%
656	Patternmakers and model makers, wood	3	3	1	1	55.5%	55.5%
657	Cabinet makers and bench carpenters	78	63	6	6	10.3%	10.3%
658	Furniture and wood finishers	33	27	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
659	Miscellaneous precision woodworkers	2	1	0	0	24.5%	24.5%
666	Dressmakers	54	36	2	2	5.1%	5.1%
667	Tailors	54	44	2	2	5.0%	5.0%
668	Upholsterers	51	46	1	1	3.0%	3.0%
669	Shoe repairers	12	10	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
674	Miscellaneous precision apparel and fabric workers	16	12	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
675	Hand molders and shapers, except jewelers	23	16	3	3	19.5%	19.5%
676	Patternmakers, lay-out workers, and cutters	10	8	3	3	32.4%	32.4%
677	Optical goods workers	113	79	1	1	1.0%	1.0%
678	Dental laboratory and medical appliance technicians	55	42	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
679	Bookbinders	26	20	3	3	13.1%	13.1%
683	Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers	412	327	53	58	16.3%	17.6%
684	Miscellaneous precision workers, n.e.c.	36	25	5	5	18.3%	18.3%
686	Butchers and meat cutters	305	218	66	69	30.5%	31.6%
687	Bakers	184	131	19	20	14.6%	15.3%
688	Food batchmakers	57	47	13	13	27.8%	27.8%
689	Inspectors, testers, and graders	172	135	39	39	28.6%	28.7%
693	Adjusters and calibrators	8	6	1	1	13.9%	13.9%
694	Water and sewage treatment plant operators	81	58	20	21	35.0%	37.1%
695	Power plant operators	57	36	19	20	54.2%	54.8%
696	Stationary engineers	172	127	49	50	38.2%	39.5%
699	Miscellaneous plant and system operators	68	39	11	11	27.5%	27.5%
	MACHINE OPERATORS, ASSEMBLERS, AND INSPECTORS	9,625	7,498	1,603	1,672	21.4%	22.3%
703	Lathe and turning machine set-up operators	25	23	4	4	15.2%	15.2%
704	Lathe and turning machine operators	66	48	10	11	21.7%	23.0%
705	Milling and planing machine operators	9	7	2	2	27.3%	27.3%
706	Punching and stamping press machine operators	134	111	29	29	26.0%	26.5%
707	Rolling machine operators	14	10	5	5	50.5%	50.5%
708	Drilling and boring machine operators	23	17	4	4	24.1%	24.1%
709	Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine operators	156	129	32	33	24.7%	25.3%
713	Forging machine operators	20	15	6	6	42.0%	42.0%
714	Numerical control machine operators	18	15	2	2	12.0%	12.0%
715	Miscellaneous metal, plastic, stone, and glass working machine operators	36	27	10	10	35.3%	35.3%
717	Fabricating machine operators, n.e.c.	21	19	4	4	20.6%	20.6%
719	Molding and casting machine operators	131	104	26	27	25.0%	26.4%
723	Metal plating machine operators	30	25	7	9	29.2%	34.8%
724	Heat treating equipment operators	17	15	14	14	89.9%	89.9%
725	Miscellaneous metal and plastic processing machine operators	22	19	4	5	21.3%	26.0%
726	Wood lathe, routing, and planing machine operators	14	10	1	1	9.9%	9.9%
727	Sawing machine operators	114	82	8	9	9.5%	10.9%
728	Shaping and joining machine operators	7	7	1	1	9.6%	9.6%
729	Nailing and tacking machine operators	4	3	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
733	Miscellaneous woodworking machine operators	38	29	3	4	10.0%	12.9%
734	Printing press operators	359	288	48	53	16.7%	18.5%
735	Photoengravers and lithographers	41	31	5	5	16.0%	16.0%
736	Typesetters and compositors	45	33	5	5	14.8%	14.8%
737	Miscellaneous printing machine operators	39	27	5	6	18.7%	22.8%
738	Winding and twisting machine operators	60	51	6	6	11.3%	11.3%
739	Knitting, looping, taping, and weaving machine operators	49	40	1	2	3.4%	4.1%
743	Textile cutting machine operators	6	4	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
744	Textile sewing machine operators	628	483	45	49	9.3%	10.2%
745	Shoe machine operators	25	14	5	5	36.9%	36.9%
747	Pressing machine operators	108	94	6	9	6.8%	9.9%
748	Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators	238	172	22	23	12.6%	13.2%
749	Miscellaneous textile machine operators	59	46	3	3	7.0%	7.0%
753	Cementing and gluing machine operators	52	42	10	10	23.4%	23.4%
754	Packaging and filling machine operators	493	400	102	105	25.6%	26.3%
755	Extruding and forming machine operators	40	32	8	8	23.7%	23.7%
756	Mixing and blending machine operators	146	125	32	32	25.3%	25.3%
757	Separating, filtering, and clarifying machine operators	74	49	20	21	40.2%	42.0%
758	Compressing and compacting machine operators	30	25	6	7	23.2%	26.9%
759	Painting and paint spraying machine operators	246	197	33	35	17.0%	17.5%
763	Roasting and baking machine operators, food	14	10	4	4	40.9%	40.9%
764	Washing, cleaning, and pickling machine operators	6	4	2	2	51.5%	51.5%
765	Folding machine operators	24	17	3	3	16.7%	16.7%
766	Furnace, kiln, and oven operators, except food	100	78	35	36	44.2%	45.5%
768	Crushing and grinding machine operators	52	35	7	7	18.8%	18.8%
769	Slicing and cutting machine operators	219	172	38	38	22.1%	22.3%
773	Motion picture projectionists	15	13	1	1	5.1%	5.1%
774	Photographic process machine operators	120	96	9	9	9.4%	9.4%
777	Miscellaneous machine operators, n.e.c.	1,367	1,071	296	304	27.6%	28.4%
779	Machine operators, not specified	513	399	102	104	25.5%	26.0%
783	Welders and cutters	763	560	144	155	25.7%	27.7%
784	Solderers and brazers	24	15	1	1	8.3%	8.3%
785	Assemblers	1,658	1,299	288	298	22.2%	23.0%
786	Hand cutting and trimming occupations	15	8	3	3	37.1%	37.1%
787	Hand molding, casting, and forming occupations	29	21	2	4	8.8%	20.3%
789	Hand painting, coating, and decorating occupations	27	23	8	8	33.3%	33.3%
793	Hand engraving and printing occupations	16	12	1	1	5.1%	5.1%
795	Miscellaneous hand working occupations	63	41	3	3	6.9%	6.9%
796	Production inspectors, checkers, and examiners	654	508	90	95	17.8%	18.6%
797	Production testers	69	48	9	9	17.8%	18.6%
798	Production samplers and weighers	7	5	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
799	Graders and sorters, except agricultural	233	193	26	27	13.6%	13.8%
	TRANSPORTATION AND MATERIAL MOVING OCCUPATIONS	6,557	4,935	1,204	1,267	24.4%	25.7%
803	Supervisors, motor vehicle operators	126	88	9	10	10.4%	11.7%
804	Truck drivers	3,542	2,721	520	540	19.1%	19.9%
806	Driver-sales workers	195	151	42	43	27.9%	28.4%
808	Bus drivers	665	462	159	172	34.4%	37.3%
809	Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs	280	220	20	24	9.2%	11.1%
813	Parking lot attendants	71	57	6	7	11.3%	11.9%
814	Motor transportation occupations, n.e.c.	5	3	0	1	0.0%	27.7%
823	Railroad conductors and yardmasters	71	47	39	39	83.2%	83.2%
824	Locomotive operating occupations	65	44	37	37	83.7%	83.7%
825	Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators	13	6	4	4	75.9%	75.9%
826	Rail vehicle operators, n.e.c.	7	6	3	4	50.4%	61.2%
828	Ship captains and mates, except fishing boats	21	16	3	3	20.8%	20.8%
829	Sailors and deckhands	38	32	13	13	41.2%	41.2%
833	Marine engineers	4	2	2	2	68.2%	68.2%
834	Bridge, lock, and lighthouse tenders	12	8	3	5	41.3%	60.7%
843	Supervisors, material moving equipment operators	18	15	2	2	14.8%	14.8%
844	Operating engineers	346	229	87	92	38.0%	40.1%
845	Longshore equipment operators	3	1	0	0	42.4%	42.4%
848	Hoist and winch operators	25	14	1	1	8.5%	8.5%
849	Crane and tower operators	87	68	38	39	56.4%	57.6%
853	Excavating and loading machine operators	123	83	16	17	18.7%	20.3%
855	Grader, dozer, and scraper operators	101	63	10	12	16.5%	19.7%
856	Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators	631	523	161	170	30.7%	32.5%
859	Miscellaneous material moving equipment operators	108	74	27	28	35.8%	37.5%
	HANDLERS, EQUIPMENT CLEANERS, HELPERS, AND LABORERS	6,433	5,010	906	956	18.1%	19.1%
864	Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and laborers, n.e.c.	25	22	4	4	20.5%	20.5%
865	Helpers, mechanics, and repairers	34	30	4	5	14.3%	15.7%
866	Helpers, construction trades	146	124	11	11	8.7%	8.7%
867	Helpers, surveyor	9	6	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
869	Construction laborers	1,074	839	137	144	16.3%	17.2%
874	Production helpers	67	58	13	13	22.9%	22.9%
875	Garbage collectors	65	47	18	19	38.5%	39.9%
876	Stevedores	24	20	18	18	87.3%	87.3%
877	Stock handlers and baggers	1,529	1,168	198	209	16.9%	17.9%
878	Machine feeders and offbearers	103	77	20	22	26.4%	28.1%
883	Freight, stock, and material handlers, n.e.c.	800	638	181	194	28.3%	30.4%
885	Garage and service station related occupations	243	172	5	5	2.6%	3.0%
887	Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners	349	277	26	29	9.4%	10.6%
888	Hand packers and packagers	387	300	49	51	16.4%	17.1%
889	Laborers, except construction	1,578	1,234	222	232	18.0%	18.8%
Copyright 2025 by Barry T. Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, and William E. Even.  The use of this data requires citation.