Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by Occupation: 2024
COC	Occupation	Obs	Employment (in 1000s)	Members (in 1000s)	Covered (in 1000s)	% Mem	% Cov
	MANAGEMENT, BUSINESS, AND FINANCIAL OCCUPATIONS	22,500	25,554	1,051	1,293	4.1%	5.1%
10	Chief executives	1,173	1,273	25	34	2.0%	2.6%
20	General and operations managers	1,143	1,313	41	50	3.1%	3.8%
40	Advertising and promotions managers	35	42	0	0	0.3%	0.3%
51	Marketing managers	380	482	10	12	2.0%	2.4%
52	Sales managers	470	549	6	11	1.1%	2.0%
60	Public relations and fundraising managers	154	143	10	10	7.0%	7.0%
101	Administrative services managers	80	81	3	3	3.3%	3.3%
102	Facilities managers	138	141	2	4	1.7%	3.0%
110	Computer and information systems managers	602	722	10	18	1.4%	2.5%
120	Financial managers	1,250	1,397	25	33	1.8%	2.4%
135	Compensation and benefits managers	13	9	2	2	17.1%	17.1%
136	Human resources managers	258	314	15	17	4.8%	5.4%
137	Training and development managers	60	66	2	2	3.1%	3.1%
140	Industrial production managers	266	295	9	10	2.9%	3.5%
150	Purchasing managers	208	225	14	15	6.3%	6.6%
160	Transportation, storage, and distribution managers	306	355	15	15	4.1%	4.1%
205	Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers	157	145	0	0	0.1%	0.1%
220	Construction managers	703	819	43	49	5.3%	6.0%
230	Education and childcare administrators	874	953	171	187	18.0%	19.6%
300	Architectural and engineering managers	168	199	7	8	3.4%	4.0%
310	Food service managers	755	866	14	17	1.6%	2.0%
335	Entertainment and recreation managers	57	59	1	6	2.4%	11.0%
340	Lodging managers	99	98	5	5	5.3%	5.3%
350	Medical and health services managers	684	747	45	46	6.0%	6.2%
360	Natural sciences managers	49	61	4	4	6.2%	6.2%
410	Property, real estate, and community association managers	421	491	11	11	2.1%	2.2%
420	Social and community service managers	450	471	24	29	5.1%	6.1%
425	Emergency management directors	20	17	6	6	34.9%	34.9%
440	Managers, all other	3,664	4,066	170	221	4.2%	5.4%
500	Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes	24	28	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
510	Buyers and purchasing agents, farm products	12	10	3	3	24.9%	24.9%
520	Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products	136	155	6	6	3.7%	3.7%
530	Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products	265	282	15	21	5.3%	7.3%
540	Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators	315	386	12	13	3.1%	3.4%
565	Compliance officers	287	303	32	39	10.7%	13.0%
600	Cost estimators	133	154	9	12	5.8%	7.6%
630	Human resources workers	799	972	57	64	5.9%	6.6%
640	Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists	46	47	3	3	6.8%	6.8%
650	Training and development specialists	136	156	6	8	4.1%	5.1%
700	Logisticians	143	190	13	14	6.6%	7.6%
705	Project management specialists	807	911	21	32	2.3%	3.5%
710	Management analysts	709	817	25	34	3.0%	4.1%
725	Meeting, convention, and event planners	114	127	3	4	2.0%	2.9%
726	Fundraisers	70	65	1	2	0.9%	2.9%
735	Market research analysts and marketing specialists	433	550	4	7	0.8%	1.2%
750	Business operations specialists, all other	613	673	30	48	4.4%	7.2%
800	Accountants and auditors	1,405	1,647	61	79	3.7%	4.8%
810	Property appraisers and assessors	54	53	7	8	12.9%	15.2%
820	Budget analysts	42	42	4	8	10.2%	19.8%
830	Credit analysts	37	41	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
845	Financial and investment analysts	308	400	12	13	3.1%	3.3%
850	Personal financial advisors	353	423	3	6	0.6%	1.5%
860	Insurance underwriters	94	122	2	2	1.9%	1.9%
900	Financial examiners	27	30	3	3	11.4%	11.4%
910	Credit counselors and loan officers	278	305	9	10	3.0%	3.4%
930	Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue agents	42	47	17	20	35.9%	42.9%
940	Tax preparers	73	89	2	3	1.8%	3.9%
960	Other financial specialists	108	128	3	6	2.5%	4.5%
	PROFESSIONAL AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS	37,015	42,381	5,838	6,624	13.8%	15.6%
1005	Computer and information research scientists	29	34	1	1	1.6%	1.6%
1006	Computer systems analysts	417	508	22	29	4.3%	5.8%
1007	Information security analysts	199	236	10	10	4.2%	4.3%
1010	Computer programmers	267	335	8	9	2.3%	2.7%
1021	Software developers	1,646	2,058	25	40	1.2%	1.9%
1022	Software quality assurance analysts and testers	60	82	1	5	1.7%	5.9%
1031	Web developers	38	44	2	2	4.9%	4.9%
1032	Web and digital interface designers	57	65	0	0	0.7%	0.7%
1050	Computer support specialists	509	613	28	36	4.6%	5.9%
1065	Database administrators and architects	120	141	5	5	3.4%	3.4%
1105	Network and computer systems administrators	141	167	15	17	8.8%	10.5%
1106	Computer network architects	112	140	0	2	0.0%	1.5%
1108	Computer occupations, all other	934	1,131	63	79	5.6%	7.0%
1200	Actuaries	29	35	1	1	3.7%	3.7%
1220	Operations research analysts	158	171	22	28	13.0%	16.4%
1240	Other mathematical science occupations	361	434	25	26	5.7%	6.1%
1305	Architects, except landscape and naval	140	171	4	6	2.5%	3.3%
1306	Landscape architects	10	10	0	0	1.4%	1.4%
1310	Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists	39	40	1	1	3.4%	3.4%
1320	Aerospace engineers	144	189	13	17	6.7%	8.8%
1340	Bioengineers and biomedical engineers	19	23	3	3	12.6%	12.6%
1350	Chemical engineers	61	73	3	7	4.1%	9.3%
1360	Civil engineers	435	493	35	44	7.2%	8.9%
1400	Computer hardware engineers	63	82	0	0	0.3%	0.3%
1410	Electrical and electronics engineers	238	272	20	24	7.5%	8.7%
1420	Environmental engineers	37	36	5	5	12.9%	12.9%
1430	Industrial engineers, including health and safety	228	266	11	15	4.1%	5.7%
1440	Marine engineers and naval architects	17	22	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
1450	Materials engineers	38	40	3	4	7.8%	10.3%
1460	Mechanical engineers	309	376	13	17	3.4%	4.4%
1520	Petroleum engineers	26	27	2	2	7.7%	7.7%
1530	Engineers, all other	581	699	29	38	4.1%	5.5%
1541	Architectural and civil drafters	35	42	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
1545	Other drafters	82	79	5	7	6.6%	8.5%
1551	Electrical and electronic engineering technologists and technicians	77	88	14	14	15.7%	15.7%
1555	Other engineering technologists and technicians, except drafters	320	356	31	43	8.8%	12.2%
1560	Surveying and mapping technicians	52	44	3	4	6.7%	8.5%
1600	Agricultural and food scientists	30	26	1	1	5.7%	5.7%
1610	Biological scientists	118	107	13	14	11.9%	13.1%
1640	Conservation scientists and foresters	22	21	0	0	1.6%	1.6%
1650	Medical scientists	113	138	7	9	5.3%	6.5%
1700	Astronomers and physicists	25	21	2	2	8.7%	8.7%
1710	Atmospheric and space scientists	6	5	0	2	0.0%	28.9%
1720	Chemists and materials scientists	82	85	6	6	6.9%	6.9%
1745	Environmental scientists and specialists, including health	48	43	8	8	18.9%	18.9%
1750	Geoscientists and hydrologists, except geographers	23	25	2	2	7.7%	7.7%
1760	Physical scientists, all other	393	471	43	47	9.1%	10.0%
1800	Economists	49	30	1	1	3.5%	3.5%
1821	Clinical and counseling psychologists	6	8	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
1822	School psychologists	46	53	25	25	47.5%	48.1%
1825	Other psychologists	66	78	7	7	8.8%	8.8%
1840	Urban and regional planners	35	41	10	12	25.2%	28.9%
1860	Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers	50	33	2	4	6.8%	11.3%
1900	Agricultural and food science technicians	44	43	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
1910	Biological technicians	20	22	9	9	40.1%	42.3%
1920	Chemical technicians	49	61	7	7	11.9%	11.9%
1935	Environmental science and geoscience technicians	27	29	5	5	16.0%	16.0%
1970	Other life, physical, and social science technicians	278	331	29	32	8.7%	9.6%
1980	Occupational health and safety specialists and technicians	69	68	6	7	9.3%	10.3%
2001	Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors	114	118	10	13	8.3%	10.9%
2002	Educational, guidance, and career counselors and advisors	333	381	98	106	25.7%	27.7%
2003	Marriage and family therapists	20	20	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
2004	Mental health counselors	121	147	16	18	11.2%	12.1%
2005	Rehabilitation counselors	14	13	1	1	9.3%	9.3%
2006	Counselors, all other	197	224	14	21	6.5%	9.5%
2011	Child, family, and school social workers	54	70	24	24	33.5%	34.1%
2012	Healthcare social workers	68	78	11	13	14.2%	17.2%
2013	Mental health and substance abuse social workers	11	10	4	4	34.6%	34.6%
2014	Social workers, all other	628	748	137	151	18.3%	20.2%
2015	Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists	61	66	25	28	38.2%	41.7%
2016	Social and human service assistants	240	245	22	25	8.8%	10.1%
2025	Other community and social service specialists	105	105	9	15	8.7%	13.8%
2040	Clergy	370	381	4	4	1.0%	1.0%
2050	Directors, religious activities and education	61	78	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
2060	Religious workers, all other	79	89	2	2	2.8%	2.8%
2100	Lawyers	935	957	58	78	6.1%	8.2%
2105	Judicial law clerks	18	20	3	3	17.6%	17.6%
2145	Paralegals and legal assistants	364	424	15	18	3.6%	4.3%
2170	Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers	79	82	4	4	4.6%	5.1%
2180	Legal support workers, all other	68	67	4	4	5.3%	5.3%
2205	Postsecondary teachers	1,015	1,089	225	259	20.6%	23.8%
2300	Preschool and kindergarten teachers	531	581	91	99	15.7%	17.0%
2310	Elementary and middle school teachers	3,183	3,618	1,581	1,734	43.7%	47.9%
2320	Secondary school teachers	820	889	452	486	50.8%	54.7%
2330	Special education teachers	278	312	148	160	47.6%	51.3%
2350	Tutors	119	142	4	6	2.9%	4.0%
2360	Other teachers and instructors	737	790	97	117	12.3%	14.8%
2400	Archivists, curators, and museum technicians	72	72	4	7	5.8%	10.4%
2435	Librarians and media collections specialists	175	186	46	48	24.6%	25.9%
2440	Library technicians	39	37	8	10	22.6%	26.0%
2545	Teaching assistants	1,256	1,433	324	382	22.6%	26.7%
2555	Other educational instruction and library workers	169	192	30	32	15.6%	16.9%
2600	Artists and related workers	85	106	4	4	4.2%	4.2%
2631	Commercial and industrial designers	10	14	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
2632	Fashion designers	20	33	1	1	3.9%	3.9%
2633	Floral designers	34	38	3	3	7.4%	7.4%
2634	Graphic designers	189	214	5	7	2.5%	3.1%
2635	Interior designers	64	79	2	2	2.2%	2.2%
2636	Merchandise displayers and window trimmers	33	45	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
2640	Other designers	279	340	17	21	4.9%	6.2%
2700	Actors	22	35	6	7	16.2%	20.7%
2710	Producers and directors	117	137	8	12	6.1%	9.1%
2721	Athletes and sports competitors	16	13	1	1	5.0%	5.0%
2722	Coaches and scouts	221	258	10	16	3.7%	6.3%
2723	Umpires, referees, and other sports officials	21	30	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
2740	Dancers and choreographers	9	9	0	3	0.0%	28.7%
2751	Music directors and composers	30	30	2	3	5.9%	10.0%
2752	Musicians and singers	49	55	5	8	8.7%	13.9%
2755	Disc jockeys, except radio	10	13	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
2770	Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other	13	16	3	3	18.3%	18.3%
2805	Broadcast announcers and radio disc jockeys	13	20	1	1	2.6%	2.6%
2810	News analysts, reporters, and journalists	74	67	13	13	20.1%	20.1%
2825	Public relations specialists	112	112	8	10	7.2%	9.2%
2830	Editors	91	111	5	5	4.6%	4.6%
2840	Technical writers	52	61	4	4	6.1%	6.1%
2850	Writers and authors	132	142	8	8	6.0%	6.0%
2861	Interpreters and translators	57	67	9	10	14.0%	15.0%
2862	Court reporters and simultaneous captioners	24	25	3	4	12.1%	17.8%
2865	Media and communication workers, all other	26	28	2	4	6.8%	12.9%
2905	Broadcast, sound, and lighting technicians	72	94	13	13	13.9%	13.9%
2910	Photographers	62	84	13	13	16.0%	16.0%
2920	Television, video, and film camera operators and editors	66	81	6	6	7.6%	7.6%
3000	Chiropractors	18	20	0	0	0.8%	0.8%
3010	Dentists	84	96	4	4	3.9%	3.9%
3030	Dietitians and nutritionists	108	115	14	17	12.4%	15.1%
3040	Optometrists	21	16	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
3050	Pharmacists	286	312	10	11	3.3%	3.5%
3090	Other physicians	775	850	53	64	6.2%	7.5%
3100	Surgeons	39	37	1	3	3.3%	6.7%
3110	Physician assistants	170	192	11	15	5.6%	7.9%
3120	Podiatrists	4	4	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
3140	Audiologists	21	26	2	2	9.1%	9.1%
3150	Occupational therapists	127	147	21	23	14.3%	15.8%
3160	Physical therapists	254	282	19	20	6.8%	7.2%
3200	Radiation therapists	8	9	0	0	4.1%	4.1%
3210	Recreational therapists	8	10	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
3220	Respiratory therapists	89	89	8	8	9.4%	9.4%
3230	Speech-language pathologists	166	199	46	59	22.9%	29.8%
3245	Therapists, all other	250	306	17	18	5.6%	6.0%
3250	Veterinarians	77	87	0	5	0.0%	5.3%
3255	Registered nurses	3,176	3,531	625	697	17.7%	19.7%
3256	Nurse anesthetists	26	24	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
3258	Nurse practitioners	257	291	15	22	5.1%	7.6%
3261	Acupuncturists	3	3	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
3270	Healthcare diagnosing or treating practitioners, all other	5	6	1	1	15.3%	15.3%
3300	Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians	286	325	38	40	11.7%	12.3%
3310	Dental hygienists	194	199	6	7	3.2%	3.5%
3321	Cardiovascular technologists and technicians	47	61	13	14	21.0%	22.7%
3322	Diagnostic medical sonographers	80	96	19	19	19.4%	19.4%
3323	Radiologic technologists and technicians	216	247	19	24	7.7%	9.7%
3324	Magnetic resonance imaging technologists	43	41	3	6	7.6%	14.5%
3330	Nuclear medicine technologists and medical dosimetrists	35	44	3	6	7.3%	14.3%
3401	Emergency medical technicians	143	169	36	36	21.6%	21.6%
3402	Paramedics	75	83	23	25	27.7%	29.8%
3421	Pharmacy technicians	305	365	36	40	9.9%	11.1%
3422	Psychiatric technicians	103	131	11	13	8.7%	10.0%
3423	Surgical technologists	106	115	11	15	9.8%	13.2%
3424	Veterinary technologists and technicians	132	140	6	10	4.4%	6.8%
3430	Dietetic technicians and ophthalmic medical technicians	81	94	12	12	12.3%	12.3%
3500	Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses	440	532	62	75	11.7%	14.1%
3515	Medical records specialists	208	225	9	10	3.8%	4.4%
3520	Opticians, dispensing	50	51	4	4	7.6%	8.1%
3545	Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians	114	138	16	18	11.6%	12.9%
3550	Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations	101	126	6	6	5.0%	5.1%
3601	Home health aides	462	642	68	69	10.5%	10.8%
3602	Personal care aides	1,353	1,588	142	161	9.0%	10.1%
3603	Nursing assistants	1,123	1,296	104	122	8.0%	9.4%
3605	Orderlies and psychiatric aides	47	58	8	8	13.9%	13.9%
3610	Occupational therapy assistants and aides	27	32	0	2	1.1%	7.8%
3620	Physical therapist assistants and aides	99	102	0	1	0.3%	1.0%
3630	Massage therapists	78	87	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
3640	Dental assistants	246	285	14	14	4.7%	4.7%
3645	Medical assistants	500	627	45	55	7.1%	8.8%
3646	Medical transcriptionists	37	44	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
3647	Pharmacy aides	28	35	6	6	17.6%	17.6%
3648	Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers	53	56	1	1	2.1%	2.1%
3649	Phlebotomists	93	105	4	4	3.4%	3.4%
3655	Other healthcare support workers	174	205	31	33	15.2%	16.2%
	SERVICE OCCUPATIONS	15,716	18,585	1,759	1,954	9.5%	10.5%
3700	First-line supervisors of correctional officers	35	40	12	13	29.5%	32.9%
3710	First-line supervisors of police and detectives	100	106	56	58	52.6%	54.3%
3720	First-line supervisors of firefighting and prevention workers	41	47	20	20	42.9%	42.9%
3725	First-line supervisors of security workers	67	70	8	9	11.7%	12.7%
3740	Firefighters	239	281	187	192	66.5%	68.3%
3750	Fire inspectors	17	20	6	11	28.6%	56.3%
3801	Bailiffs	13	17	8	8	45.8%	45.8%
3802	Correctional officers and jailers	247	303	100	115	33.1%	38.1%
3820	Detectives and criminal investigators	132	155	44	52	28.3%	33.4%
3840	Parking enforcement workers	16	12	1	1	11.2%	11.2%
3870	Police officers	553	637	322	345	50.6%	54.1%
3900	Animal control workers	6	2	1	1	34.5%	67.2%
3910	Private detectives and investigators	106	118	10	13	8.4%	10.8%
3930	Security guards and gambling surveillance officers	719	920	84	104	9.1%	11.3%
3940	Crossing guards and flaggers	53	60	13	14	21.6%	22.5%
3945	Transportation security screeners	43	43	17	18	39.1%	41.8%
3946	School bus monitors	27	29	7	8	22.9%	28.7%
3960	Other protective service workers	157	208	13	17	6.3%	8.0%
4000	Chefs and head cooks	387	484	15	17	3.2%	3.5%
4010	First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers	385	448	29	30	6.6%	6.7%
4020	Cooks	1,647	1,934	81	94	4.2%	4.8%
4030	Food preparation workers	746	865	55	58	6.4%	6.7%
4040	Bartenders	371	444	11	13	2.6%	2.8%
4055	Fast food and counter workers	726	889	25	34	2.9%	3.8%
4110	Waiters and waitresses	1,406	1,711	38	48	2.2%	2.8%
4120	Food servers, nonrestaurant	181	228	23	25	9.9%	11.1%
4130	Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers	247	291	14	17	4.8%	5.8%
4140	Dishwashers	243	288	16	18	5.7%	6.1%
4150	Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop	240	300	0	0	0.1%	0.1%
4160	Food preparation and serving related workers, all other	8	10	2	2	17.2%	17.2%
4200	First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers	173	194	14	16	7.4%	8.0%
4210	First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers	91	112	5	5	4.7%	4.7%
4220	Janitors and building cleaners	1,886	2,134	272	303	12.8%	14.2%
4230	Maids and housekeeping cleaners	1,090	1,213	76	84	6.2%	6.9%
4240	Pest control workers	79	106	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
4251	Landscaping and groundskeeping workers	792	947	39	44	4.1%	4.7%
4252	Tree trimmers and pruners	73	86	12	13	13.4%	15.2%
4255	Other grounds maintenance workers	13	19	0	0	2.1%	2.1%
4330	Supervisors of personal care and service workers	92	97	3	3	2.8%	2.8%
4340	Animal trainers	28	38	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
4350	Animal caretakers	182	225	4	5	1.9%	2.2%
4400	Gambling services workers	81	83	15	16	17.5%	19.5%
4420	Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers	28	34	3	3	9.1%	9.1%
4435	Other entertainment attendants and related workers	189	220	11	13	5.1%	5.9%
4461	Embalmers, crematory operators and funeral attendants	23	22	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
4465	Morticians, undertakers, and funeral arrangers	28	33	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
4500	Barbers	42	56	1	1	2.3%	2.3%
4510	Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists	300	365	3	3	1.0%	1.0%
4521	Manicurists and pedicurists	175	227	0	1	0.0%	0.3%
4522	Skincare specialists	52	69	2	2	2.8%	2.8%
4525	Other personal appearance workers	16	17	0	0	1.6%	1.6%
4530	Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges	68	90	24	25	26.1%	28.1%
4540	Tour and travel guides	55	48	4	4	7.4%	7.4%
4600	Childcare workers	625	738	44	51	6.0%	6.9%
4621	Exercise trainers and group fitness instructors	137	157	0	2	0.3%	1.3%
4622	Recreation workers	121	153	3	4	1.8%	2.6%
4640	Residential advisors	32	37	2	2	4.3%	4.3%
4655	Personal care and service workers, all other	87	102	2	2	1.9%	1.9%
	SALES AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS	10,274	11,940	325	391	2.7%	3.3%
4700	First-Line supervisors of retail sales workers	2,060	2,285	69	85	3.0%	3.7%
4710	First-Line supervisors of non-retail sales workers	767	890	28	31	3.2%	3.5%
4720	Cashiers	2,145	2,555	99	112	3.9%	4.4%
4740	Counter and rental clerks	59	57	1	1	1.2%	1.2%
4750	Parts salespersons	114	113	5	5	4.7%	4.7%
4760	Retail salespersons	2,118	2,473	39	51	1.6%	2.1%
4800	Advertising sales agents	101	120	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
4810	Insurance sales agents	415	469	5	7	1.1%	1.4%
4820	Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents	155	211	0	3	0.0%	1.4%
4830	Travel agents	52	65	2	2	3.1%	3.1%
4840	Sales representatives of services, except advertising, insurance, financial services, and travel	524	647	6	10	0.9%	1.6%
4850	Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing	902	1,041	29	35	2.7%	3.4%
4900	Models, demonstrators, and product promoters	26	34	0	2	0.0%	4.6%
4920	Real estate brokers and sales agents	445	514	22	25	4.4%	4.9%
4930	Sales engineers	33	39	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
4940	Telemarketers	20	28	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
4950	Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers	33	38	2	2	4.5%	4.5%
4965	Sales and related workers, all other	305	363	19	20	5.1%	5.6%
	OFFICE AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS	13,299	15,099	1,287	1,443	8.5%	9.6%
5000	First-Line supervisors of office and administrative support workers	1,057	1,174	62	74	5.3%	6.3%
5010	Switchboard operators, including answering service	13	13	0	0	1.9%	1.9%
5020	Telephone operators	9	9	2	2	18.4%	19.8%
5040	Communications equipment operators, all other	7	8	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
5100	Bill and account collectors	86	106	4	6	3.6%	6.0%
5110	Billing and posting clerks	355	385	10	11	2.5%	2.9%
5120	Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks	996	1,019	35	40	3.4%	3.9%
5140	Payroll and timekeeping clerks	126	129	11	16	8.3%	12.6%
5150	Procurement clerks	36	48	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
5160	Tellers	222	226	6	9	2.5%	3.8%
5165	Financial clerks, all other	125	152	8	9	5.5%	5.6%
5220	Court, municipal, and license clerks	66	68	22	23	32.1%	33.1%
5230	Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks	25	22	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
5240	Customer service representatives	2,142	2,642	109	128	4.1%	4.8%
5250	Eligibility interviewers, government programs	71	77	30	33	39.0%	43.1%
5260	File clerks	110	124	14	14	11.0%	11.0%
5300	Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks	80	85	7	7	7.7%	7.7%
5310	Interviewers, except eligibility and loan	176	194	15	15	7.6%	7.8%
5320	Library assistants, clerical	62	65	11	14	16.7%	22.0%
5330	Loan interviewers and clerks	94	107	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
5340	New accounts clerks	13	14	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
5350	Order clerks	77	82	3	5	3.9%	5.7%
5360	Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping	74	90	4	7	4.6%	7.8%
5400	Receptionists and information clerks	1,025	1,178	40	53	3.4%	4.5%
5410	Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks	87	112	32	32	28.3%	28.8%
5420	Information and record clerks, all other	110	124	12	12	9.5%	9.9%
5500	Cargo and freight agents	12	12	3	3	24.0%	24.0%
5510	Couriers and messengers	571	714	71	74	9.9%	10.4%
5521	Public safety telecommunicators	76	76	24	25	31.8%	33.0%
5522	Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance	136	150	20	20	13.3%	13.3%
5530	Meter readers, utilities	19	12	2	2	20.0%	20.0%
5540	Postal service clerks	81	88	61	67	69.0%	76.1%
5550	Postal service mail carriers	267	306	218	229	71.3%	74.7%
5560	Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators	47	51	27	31	53.6%	60.4%
5600	Production, planning, and expediting clerks	202	233	18	21	7.8%	9.0%
5610	Shipping, receiving, and inventory clerks	503	587	51	60	8.7%	10.2%
5630	Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping	53	61	2	2	3.7%	3.7%
5710	Executive secretaries and executive administrative assistants	206	243	9	10	3.6%	4.1%
5720	Legal secretaries and administrative assistants	35	41	2	2	5.1%	5.1%
5730	Medical secretaries and administrative assistants	75	80	3	3	3.6%	3.6%
5740	Secretaries and administrative assistants, except legal, medical, and executive	1,617	1,697	132	146	7.8%	8.6%
5810	Data entry keyers	190	219	6	6	2.7%	2.7%
5820	Word processors and typists	32	43	7	7	16.4%	16.4%
5840	Insurance claims and policy processing clerks	245	292	14	15	4.7%	5.2%
5850	Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service	39	46	3	3	5.9%	5.9%
5860	Office clerks, general	1,049	1,202	120	138	10.0%	11.4%
5900	Office machine operators, except computer	20	23	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
5910	Proofreaders and copy markers	8	9	0	1	0.0%	11.1%
5920	Statistical assistants	15	15	3	3	19.6%	23.1%
5940	Office and administrative support workers, all other	557	645	57	66	8.8%	10.2%
	FARMING, FISHING, AND FORESTRY OCCUPATIONS	865	881	13	13	1.5%	1.5%
6005	First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers	42	47	1	1	2.6%	2.6%
6010	Agricultural inspectors	17	17	3	3	15.6%	15.6%
6040	Graders and sorters, agricultural products	39	53	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
6050	Miscellaneous agricultural workers	711	718	8	8	1.1%	1.1%
6115	Fishing and hunting workers	11	7	0	0	0.0%	4.1%
6120	Forest and conservation workers	12	10	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
6130	Logging workers	33	30	1	1	3.9%	3.9%
	CONSTRUCTION AND EXTRACTION OCCUPATIONS	6,017	6,936	1,067	1,138	15.4%	16.4%
6200	First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers	566	610	80	85	13.1%	13.9%
6210	Boilermakers	11	7	2	2	32.5%	32.5%
6220	Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons	91	107	20	21	18.5%	19.4%
6230	Carpenters	755	910	117	122	12.9%	13.4%
6240	Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers	67	86	2	2	2.8%	2.8%
6250	Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers	46	54	10	10	18.9%	18.9%
6260	Construction laborers	1,481	1,760	153	169	8.7%	9.6%
6305	Construction equipment operators	374	379	80	84	21.0%	22.1%
6330	Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers	78	108	7	7	6.1%	6.1%
6355	Electricians	808	905	277	290	30.6%	32.1%
6360	Glaziers	27	23	3	3	13.4%	13.4%
6400	Insulation workers	37	36	7	7	18.9%	18.9%
6410	Painters and paperhangers	304	368	19	19	5.2%	5.2%
6441	Pipelayers	36	45	7	7	16.5%	16.5%
6442	Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters	467	584	125	137	21.4%	23.4%
6460	Plasterers and stucco masons	20	27	2	2	8.3%	8.3%
6515	Roofers	171	213	14	19	6.7%	8.7%
6520	Sheet metal workers	100	117	27	28	22.7%	24.1%
6530	Structural iron and steel workers	29	34	14	16	39.5%	46.5%
6540	Solar photovoltaic installers	20	23	0	3	0.0%	11.7%
6600	Helpers, construction trades	45	61	1	1	2.4%	2.4%
6660	Construction and building inspectors	81	99	14	15	14.5%	15.2%
6700	Elevator and escalator installers and repairers	23	30	22	22	72.9%	72.9%
6710	Fence erectors	27	33	5	5	15.1%	15.1%
6720	Hazardous materials removal workers	27	35	7	7	19.6%	19.6%
6730	Highway maintenance workers	76	75	14	14	18.9%	19.0%
6740	Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators	14	13	12	12	87.7%	90.0%
6765	Miscellaneous construction and related workers	34	37	5	5	13.6%	13.6%
6800	Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil and gas	44	31	4	4	11.5%	11.5%
6825	Earth drillers, except oil and gas	35	39	6	9	15.7%	22.3%
6835	Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters	11	13	1	1	11.5%	11.5%
6850	Underground mining machine operators	55	29	4	4	12.2%	15.3%
6950	Other extraction workers	57	43	5	5	12.0%	12.0%
	INSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR OCCUPATIONS	3,973	4,423	558	608	12.6%	13.7%
7000	First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers	250	280	22	27	8.0%	9.8%
7010	Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers	92	101	10	10	10.0%	10.0%
7020	Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers	89	93	15	17	16.6%	18.4%
7030	Avionics technicians	12	13	2	2	16.5%	16.5%
7040	Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers	15	16	5	5	29.1%	29.1%
7100	Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial and utility	15	14	3	3	21.1%	21.1%
7120	Audiovisual equipment installers and repairers	13	15	2	2	11.2%	11.2%
7130	Security and fire alarm systems installers	43	53	5	5	9.4%	9.9%
7140	Aircraft mechanics and service technicians	143	167	45	47	27.2%	28.0%
7150	Automotive body and related repairers	88	99	3	3	2.7%	2.7%
7160	Automotive glass installers and repairers	16	17	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
7200	Automotive service technicians and mechanics	646	763	36	41	4.7%	5.4%
7210	Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists	267	276	35	38	12.8%	13.9%
7220	Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics	190	185	41	44	22.2%	23.6%
7240	Small engine mechanics	30	30	0	1	0.0%	2.2%
7260	Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers	83	90	2	3	2.6%	2.9%
7300	Control and valve installers and repairers	23	25	9	10	34.9%	42.0%
7315	Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers	378	438	66	72	15.0%	16.5%
7320	Home appliance repairers	27	29	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
7330	Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics	323	363	35	41	9.7%	11.3%
7340	Maintenance and repair workers, general	626	688	66	75	9.7%	10.8%
7350	Maintenance workers, machinery	29	28	4	4	14.3%	14.3%
7360	Millwrights	47	48	14	15	29.7%	31.0%
7410	Electrical power-line installers and repairers	127	128	57	58	44.8%	45.5%
7420	Telecommunications line installers and repairers	101	122	33	33	27.1%	27.3%
7430	Precision instrument and equipment repairers	49	52	2	4	4.2%	7.1%
7510	Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers	25	30	4	4	11.8%	11.8%
7540	Locksmiths and safe repairers	33	37	12	12	31.0%	33.0%
7560	Riggers	11	14	8	8	54.3%	54.3%
7610	Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers	24	27	0	2	0.0%	7.3%
7640	Other installation, maintenance, and repair workers	158	184	21	23	11.7%	12.5%
	PRODUCTION OCCUPATIONS	6,676	7,696	893	978	11.6%	12.7%
7700	First-line supervisors of production and operating workers	668	754	66	70	8.8%	9.3%
7720	Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers	88	107	16	17	15.1%	15.6%
7730	Engine and other machine assemblers	5	8	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
7740	Structural metal fabricators and fitters	19	23	7	7	29.8%	29.8%
7750	Other assemblers and fabricators	755	927	141	151	15.2%	16.2%
7800	Bakers	181	221	13	16	6.1%	7.1%
7810	Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers	224	242	50	56	20.5%	23.2%
7830	Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders	9	9	1	3	14.4%	29.8%
7840	Food batchmakers	75	87	7	7	8.0%	8.0%
7850	Food cooking machine operators and tenders	9	10	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
7855	Food processing workers, all other	126	135	17	18	12.4%	13.4%
7905	Computer numerically controlled tool operators and programmers	78	90	13	13	14.0%	14.0%
7925	Forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	18	24	4	5	15.6%	19.6%
7950	Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	38	44	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
8000	Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	33	39	2	4	4.8%	9.4%
8025	Other machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	5	8	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
8030	Machinists	268	290	28	28	9.7%	9.8%
8040	Metal furnace operators, tenders, pourers, and casters	11	14	3	3	19.4%	19.4%
8100	Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	22	23	2	2	8.1%	8.1%
8130	Tool and die makers	31	33	6	6	18.7%	18.7%
8140	Welding, soldering, and brazing workers	490	536	84	93	15.7%	17.4%
8225	Other metal workers and plastic workers	251	303	30	37	10.0%	12.2%
8250	Prepress technicians and workers	15	17	0	0	1.3%	1.3%
8255	Printing press operators	104	127	6	6	5.1%	5.1%
8256	Print binding and finishing workers	14	15	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
8300	Laundry and dry-cleaning workers	97	107	2	2	2.2%	2.2%
8310	Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials	22	29	2	2	7.5%	7.5%
8320	Sewing machine operators	85	104	2	5	1.8%	4.7%
8335	Shoe and leather workers	7	8	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
8350	Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers	29	26	3	3	10.0%	10.0%
8365	Textile machine setters, operators, and tenders	15	20	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
8450	Upholsterers	10	12	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
8465	Other textile, apparel, and furnishings workers	2	3	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
8500	Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters	28	36	4	4	10.0%	10.0%
8510	Furniture finishers	10	16	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
8530	Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood	17	19	1	1	4.0%	4.0%
8540	Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing	15	14	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
8555	Other woodworkers	13	17	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
8600	Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers	42	37	17	17	46.4%	46.4%
8610	Stationary engineers and boiler operators	86	90	17	19	18.4%	20.5%
8620	Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators	98	107	25	25	23.2%	23.2%
8630	Miscellaneous plant and system operators	58	51	14	16	27.3%	31.0%
8640	Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders	43	47	6	6	11.9%	11.9%
8650	Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers	67	78	3	6	3.8%	7.1%
8710	Cutting workers	48	57	5	5	9.6%	9.6%
8720	Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders	14	17	0	1	0.0%	4.7%
8730	Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders	9	10	4	4	38.8%	38.8%
8740	Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers	654	780	88	101	11.3%	12.9%
8750	Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers	18	18	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
8760	Dental and ophthalmic laboratory technicians and medical appliance technicians	56	68	1	1	1.6%	1.6%
8800	Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders	267	302	28	29	9.3%	9.5%
8810	Painting workers	125	155	16	16	10.0%	10.0%
8830	Photographic process workers and processing machine operators	23	28	1	1	4.5%	4.5%
8850	Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders	8	6	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
8910	Etchers and engravers	2	1	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
8920	Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic	19	26	0	0	0.0%	0.0%
8930	Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders	11	12	5	5	44.5%	44.5%
8940	Tire builders	4	6	4	4	57.3%	57.3%
8950	Helpers--production workers	42	50	3	5	5.8%	9.8%
8990	Other production workers	1,095	1,252	146	162	11.7%	12.9%
	TRANSPORTATION AND MATERIAL MOVING OCCUPATIONS	9,251	11,048	1,455	1,572	13.2%	14.2%
9005	Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers	279	317	35	35	11.1%	11.1%
9030	Aircraft pilots and flight engineers	191	203	117	120	57.8%	58.9%
9040	Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists	24	28	13	13	46.0%	46.0%
9050	Flight attendants	99	136	82	84	60.7%	62.1%
9110	Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians	18	29	3	3	10.2%	10.2%
9121	Bus drivers, school	195	196	49	53	24.7%	27.2%
9122	Bus drivers, transit and intercity	225	259	103	109	39.8%	42.1%
9130	Driver/sales workers and truck drivers	2,695	3,082	287	318	9.3%	10.3%
9141	Shuttle drivers and chauffeurs	59	73	6	7	8.3%	10.1%
9142	Taxi drivers	206	299	21	22	7.0%	7.4%
9150	Motor vehicle operators, all other	162	203	21	24	10.6%	11.9%
9210	Locomotive engineers and operators	52	42	32	32	75.1%	75.1%
9240	Railroad conductors and yardmasters	51	53	37	37	71.0%	71.0%
9265	Other rail transportation workers	16	18	11	11	59.7%	59.7%
9300	Sailors and marine oilers	23	21	2	2	11.7%	11.7%
9310	Ship and boat captains and operators	35	34	8	8	22.3%	23.9%
9350	Parking attendants	35	45	2	2	3.9%	3.9%
9365	Transportation service attendants	75	83	6	6	6.7%	6.7%
9410	Transportation inspectors	41	42	12	13	28.6%	30.0%
9415	Passenger attendants	29	34	4	10	10.8%	28.1%
9430	Other transportation workers	27	35	7	7	19.6%	21.2%
9510	Crane and tower operators	44	47	13	13	28.1%	28.1%
9570	Conveyor, dredge, and hoist and winch operators	36	30	4	4	13.4%	13.4%
9600	Industrial truck and tractor operators	452	621	68	73	11.0%	11.8%
9610	Cleaners of vehicles and equipment	253	307	15	17	4.8%	5.5%
9620	Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand	1,837	2,253	289	320	12.8%	14.2%
9630	Machine feeders and offbearers	23	26	4	4	14.0%	14.0%
9640	Packers and packagers, hand	519	683	54	60	7.9%	8.9%
9645	Stockers and order fillers	1,417	1,685	115	125	6.8%	7.4%
9650	Pumping station operators	18	13	4	4	26.5%	26.5%
9720	Refuse and recyclable material collectors	69	97	19	19	19.1%	19.1%
9760	Other material moving workers	46	54	15	15	28.3%	28.3%
Copyright 2025 by Barry T. Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, and William E. Even.  The use of this data requires citation.